How Immigration Impacts Natives' Wages: Investigating Cross-Country Differences

法国和德国是欧洲两个主要的移民国家。2010年，外国出生的个人分别占各自人口的7.2%和6.3% （br<e:1>克尔等人，2013）。尽管在不平等和失业方面的经济状况不同，但最近庇护要求和非法移民的增加引起了两国关于移民政策严格程度的生动辩论。移民的经济后果，尤其是对本土工人的经济后果，是这场辩论的核心。在三个科学工作包（WPs）中，该项目将调查移民工人对当地人就业和工资的影响。我们将超越现有的文献，调查为什么移民的影响在不同的国家有所不同。我们将特别关注任务分配和生产策略（WP1）以及贸易一体化（WP2），以检测移民对有条件劳动力市场的影响。我们还将调查劳动力市场效应与移民政策之间的相互作用（WP3）。WP1将关注劳动力市场的需求面。我们将探讨移民如何影响公司内部和公司之间的任务分配。我们还将调查外国就业和公司生产战略（如外包）之间的联系。WP2将调查移民对当地人工资的影响在多大程度上取决于贸易一体化和随后的经济特征，如粒度水平（即大公司的统治地位）。WP3将从理论和经验两方面研究欧洲各国针对不同类型移民的移民政策的政治决定因素。它还将探讨本地人和移民之间的替代程度如何与移民政策的确定有关。WP4将组织研究合作。该项目包括具有很强互补性的研究人员，这些研究人员需要在移民经济学、国际贸易和移民政治经济学的界面上实现这一项目。两个团队将致力于任务分配和生产策略（WP1），法国团队将关注贸易一体化和总量问题（WP2），德国团队将专注于移民政策（WP3）。研究工作将以联合论文的形式进行。我们还期待双方就使用法国和德国雇主-雇员数据交流良好做法。我们将积极沟通我们的结果。最终结果将发表在顶级领域/前20名期刊上，并通过政策文件传达基于研究的政策建议。总的来说，该项目将通过更好地理解移民在欧洲的经济后果，为公众辩论提供素材。

France and Germany are two major countries of immigration in Europe. In 2010, foreign-born individuals represented 7.2% and 6.3% of their respective population (Brücker et al., 2013). Despite different economic situations with respect to inequality and unemployment, the recent increase in asylum demands and illegal immigration has raised a vivid debate on the strictness of immigration policies in both countries. The economic consequences of immigration, especially for native workers, are at the centre of this debate.In three scientific work-packages (WPs), this project will investigate the impact of immigrant workers on natives jobs and wages. We will go beyond the existing literature by investigating why the impact of immigrants varies across countries. We will devote particular attention to task allocation and production strategies (WP1) and to trade integration (WP2) to detect conditional labour market effects of immigration. We will also investigate the interplay between labour market effects and immigration policies (WP3).WP1 will focus on the demand side of the labour market. We will explore how immigration affects task allocation within and across firms. We will also investigate the link between foreign employment and firms production strategies (such as outsourcing). WP2 will investigate to what extent the impact of immigrants on natives wages is conditioned by trade integration and subsequent characteristics of an economy such as the level of granularity (i.e. the domination of large firms). WP3 will study, both theoretically and empirically, the political determinants of immigration policies across European countries toward different types of immigrants. It will also explore how the degree of substitution between natives and immigrants relates to the determination of immigration policies.WP4 will organise the research cooperation. The project includes researchers with strong complementarities which are required to achieve this project that emerges at the interface of migration economics, international trade and the political economy of immigration. While both teams will work on task allocation and production strategies (WP1), the French team will look at trade integration and aggregate issues (WP2) and the German team will focus on immigration policies (WP3). Research efforts are set to happen as joint papers. We also expect an exchange of good practices on the use of the French and German employer-employee data.We will actively communicate on our results. Final results will be published in top-field/top-20 journals and research-based policy recommendations will be communicated through policy papers. Overall, the project will feed the public debate by providing a better understanding of the economic consequences of immigration in Europe.