Quiet-Sun Magnetic Fields and Newly Emerging Flux - Dynamics, Energetics, and Upper Atmospheric Response

探索无处不在的安静太阳磁场和新出现的磁通之间的复杂张力和错综复杂的关系，推动了这次德国和捷克的研究合作。莱布尼茨波茨坦天体物理研究所(AIP)和捷克共和国科学院天文研究所(ASU)提议联合研究小尺度光球层和色球磁场。新出现的通量区(EFR)显示出光球层的特征，影响着规则的颗粒图案，产生微气孔和气孔，最终导致更大、更复杂的结构，如活动区，包括气孔和太阳黑子群。色球对出现的通量的响应是含有冷等离子体的场排列的暗结构。在1083.0 nm强色球吸收线H-α和近红外He I三重态中，这些拱状细丝系统(AFs)被显著地观察到。一个上升的欧米伽环系统最好地描述了EFR和AFSS的观测性质，但只提供了通量出现过程的说明，而不是对基本物理的完整描述。因此，我们将追踪从光球、色球和过渡区到日冕的新出现的通量，推导其三维磁场拓扑，评估磁场构型的稳定性，并检查各大气层的能量输入和平衡。我们将研究(磁)声色球波和小尺度磁重联如何对日冕的能量输入做出贡献。拟议项目的总主题是等离子体运动和磁场之间相互作用的基本太阳过程。我们的研究建立在格雷戈尔太阳望远镜成像和近红外光谱偏振测量的基础上，将高分辨率的地面观测与空间飞行任务的磁场和极端紫外线数据相结合。1.5米长的格雷戈尔望远镜是欧洲最大的太阳望远镜，也是高分辨率太阳物理的首要设施。拟议的研究项目将对科学案例的定义、观测活动的设计、数据简化和分析方法的评估以及为美国丹尼尔·K·井上太阳望远镜(DKIST)和欧洲太阳望远镜(EST)等下一代大口径太阳望远镜的研究人员做好准备做出重大贡献。

Exploring the complex tension and intricate relationship between the ubiquitous quiet-Sun magnetic fields and newly emerging flux motivates this German-Czech research cooperation. The Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) and the Astronomical Institute - Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASU) propose to jointly investigate small-scale photospheric and chromospheric magnetic fields. Newly emerging flux regions (EFRs) exhibit photospheric signatures affecting the regular granulation pattern, creating micro-pores and pores, and eventually leading to larger, more complex structures like active regions including groups of pores and sunspots. The chromospheric response to emerging flux are field-aligned dark structures containing cool plasma. These arch filament systems (AFSs) are seen prominently in the strong chromospheric absorption line H-alpha and in the near-infrared (NIR) He I triplet at 1083.0 nm. A rising system of Omega-loops best describes the observed properties of EFRs and AFSs but only provides an illustration of the flux emergence process rather than a full description of the underlying physics. Therefore, we will trace newly emerging flux from the photosphere, over chromosphere and transition region, to the corona, derive its three-dimensional magnetic field topology, evaluate the stability of the magnetic field configuration, and examine energy input and balance in various atmospheric layers. We will investigate how (magneto)acoustic chromospheric waves and small-scale magnetic reconnection contribute to the energy input of the corona. The general theme of the proposed project is the fundamental solar process of the interaction between plasma motions and magnetic fields. Our investigation is founded in imaging and NIR spectropolarimetry with the GREGOR solar telescope, combining high-resolution ground-based observations with magnetic field and extreme ultraviolet data from space missions. The 1.5-meter GREGOR telescope is Europe's largest solar telescope and a premier facility for high-resolution solar physics. The proposed research project will significantly contribute to definition of science cases, design of observing campaign, evaluation of data reduction and analysis methods, and preparation of researchers for the next generation of large-aperture solar telescopes like the U.S. American Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) and the European Solar Telescope (EST).