Characterization of 3D architectures of lithium-ion micro-batteries fabricated by laser-assisted manufacturing

该项目利用三维电极结构解决储能材料领域的基础和应用科学问题。在这一共同努力中，建模和仿真以及制造和表征将做出同样的贡献。我们的工作旨在为未来电池技术所需的工艺、材料和设备奠定科学基础。该项目的总体目标是为高能量和高功率密度的3D微型电池的发展提供实验和理论指导。要实现这一目标，必须完成一些子目标：利用超快激光烧蚀/图案化富镍Li(NiMnCo)O2正厚膜电极和Si/C负厚膜电极，将制备和优化容量高达1-5 Ah的3D电极结构，在高倍率（> 1C）下具有优异的循环稳定性（>5000），同时保持80%的初始容量。2. 2 .采用3D增材打印方法和激光烧结方法，通过优化结构和设计集成电极，实现容量可达1-5Ah的3D结构微电池。结合3D增材打印和超快激光图案，为3D集成电极和完整的全电池实现结构精度和设计灵活性方面的独特协同效应。4. 利用原子层沉积技术对三维电极结构进行表面修饰，以精确调整其电化学性能。利用原位电子显微镜实时研究精细结构演化机制，从原子尺度、纳米尺度到微米尺度，识别结构和化学效应，实现原子层沉积修饰3D结构电池中优化的高能量/功率密度。使用激光诱导击穿光谱的死后研究将用于推断微米、毫米和整个电极尺度上的化学效应。我们的多学科方法将集中在3D打印，微纳米级激光辅助材料加工，原子层沉积界面改性，原位电子显微镜方法和尸检分析等方面，系统研究电池电化学性能与3D微观结构之间的关系。将研究三维电极结构和界面中电子/锂离子传输机制的基本问题。该项目将结合精确的实验表征和理论模拟/计算，以加快锂离子电池先进电池架构的开发。项目产生的新思路、新模式、新方法将提升核心竞争力，使中德两国在可再生能源和储能系统领域处于世界先进地位。

The project addresses basic and application oriented scientific questions in the field of energy storage materials with 3D electrode architecture. In this joint effort, modeling and simulation as well as fabrication and characterization will contribute equally. Our work is aiming at the scientific foundations of processes, materials and devices that are needed for future battery technology. The overall goal of this project to provide both experimental and theoretical guidelines for the development of high energy and high power density 3D micro-batteries.To achieve this, a number of sub-objectives have to be fulfilled:1. Using ultrafast laser ablation/patterning of nickel-enriched Li(NiMnCo)O2 positive thick film electrodes and Si/C negative thick film electrodes, 3D electrode architectures with capacities up to 1-5 Ah will be prepared and optimized regarding an excellent cycle stability (>5000) under high rates (> 1C) while maintaining 80% of the initial capacity. 2. Using 3D additive printing method and laser sintering methods in order to realize 3D structured micro-batteries with capacities up to 1-5Ah through optimizing of the structure and design of integrated electrodes.3. Combination of 3D additive printing and ultrafast laser patterning for achieving unique synergetic effects with respect to structural accuracy and designing flexibility for 3D integrated electrodes and complete full cells. 4. Surface modification by Atomic Layer Deposition for precise adjustment of electrochemical performance of 3D electrode architectures.5. Realization of optimized high energy/power densities in Atomic Layer Deposition modified 3D structured batteries by identification of structural and chemical effects from atomic scale, nanometer scale, up to the micrometer scale using real-time studies of fine structure evolution mechanisms with in-situ electron microscopy. Post-mortem studies using Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy will be used to extrapolate chemical effects on micrometer, millimeter and entire electrode scale.Our multidisciplinary approach will focus on 3D printing, laser-assisted materials processing on micro- and nano-scale, interface modification by atomic layer deposition, in-situ electron microscopy method and post mortem analysis, for a systematic study of the relationship between the electrochemical performance and the 3D microstructure of batteries. Fundamental questions on electron/Li-ion transportations mechanisms in 3D electrode architectures and interfaces will be investigated. The project will combine accurate experimental characterization and theoretical simulation/calculation to speed up the development of advanced cell architectures for lithium-ion batteries. The new ideas, models, methods arise from the project will upgrade the core competitiveness, which positions China and Germany the world's advanced role in the field of renewable energy and energy storage systems.