HIGHLY UTILIZATION OF FORAGE PIGMENTS AND ALFALFA SAPONIN BY GREEN CROP FRACTIONATION

以新鲜的紫花苜蓿叶为原料，经浸泡、绿汁压榨、水蒸气浸泡、离心法分离热凝结，制得紫花苜蓿叶提取物。将热凝固物冷冻干燥，称为紫花苜蓿叶提取物(LE)。应在营养生长期准备，以恢复更多的类胡萝卜素。类胡萝卜素在-18ﾟC下非常稳定，而β-胡萝卜素在5ﾟC下不稳定。在室温(20ﾟC)下，β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素都非常不稳定，40周后大部分都消失了。在加工过程中加入乙氧基喹可以有效地保护类胡萝卜素免受破坏。高剂量的乙氧基喹可显著降低雏鸡类胡萝卜素的滞留，100 mg乙氧基喹/1绿汁即可起到保护作用。饲料中Le的含量高达20%，限制了鸡蛋中类胡萝卜素的积累，提示Le在日粮中的含量应低于10%。饲喂LE可降低雏鸡和母鸡的血浆低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇水平，但对鸡蛋无明显影响。从紫花苜蓿根部和根部分离皂素，得到粗皂素4.5g/kg鲜根。紫花苜蓿皂苷是一种产药的Acis，可减少动物对胆红素的吸收。

Alfalfa leaf extract was prepared macerating fresh leaves, squeezing green juice, injecting steam in the juice and separating heat coagulum by centrifugation. The heat coagulum was freeze-dried and referred to as alfalfa leaf extract (LE). It should be prepared at vegetative stage to recover more carotenoids. Carotenoids in LE was very stable at -18ﾟC but beta-carotene was unsstable at 5ﾟC.At room temerature (20ﾟC), both beta-carotene and xanthophyll were so unstable that most of them were lost after 40 weeks. Addition of ethoxyquin at the time of processing was effective in protecting carotenoids from the destruction. High level application of ethoxyquin rather reduced the carotenoid retention of chicks and 100mg ethoxyquin/1 green juice was enough for the protection. As high inclusion of LE as 20% in the diet restricted carotenoid accumulation in eggs suggesting LE should be composed in diet less than 10%. Feeding LE reduced plasma LDL-cholesterol of chicks and hens but clear effect on eggs was not observed. Speration of saponions from LE and alfalfa roots have been tried and got 4.5g crude saponin/kg fresh root. Alfalfa saponin, medicagenic acis, reduces the cholestrol absorption of animals.