Omega-E: Establishing the instantaneous Earth rotation vector by inertial rotation sensing

大G环激光的操作已经改进到可以在5*10-9 <“地球旋转变化”< 10-8级别上常规监测地球旋转的程度。不幸的是，这只是一个单组件陀螺仪。随着ROMY环形激光器的建造，有可能建立第一个用于地震学和空间大地测量学的大型4分量光学陀螺仪。ROMY的尺度因子是G环激光器的两倍，并被构造为异质结构。本研究计划试图将ROMY结构锁相在弱多模状态下运行，以使腔体足够稳定，以便观察昼夜逆行极运动。这种信号不能用GNSS、SLR和VLBI等空间大地测量学的几何技术直接检测到。为产生这种信号的地球物理过程建立合适的模型是本研究计划的另一个重要组成部分，以及将环形激光观测与VLBI和GNSS测量适当融合。G环激光器与ROMY结构的比较最终有助于区分局部和全局旋转。

Operations of the large G ring laser have improved to the point that Earth rotation can be routinely monitored at the level 5*10-9 < 'Earth rotation changes' < 10-8. Unfortunately this is only a single component gyroscope. With the construction of the ROMY ring laser it was possible to build the first large 4 component optical gyroscope for applications in seismology and space geodesy. The scale factor of ROMY is two times larger than that of the G ring laser and it has been constructed as a heterolithic structure. This research proposal attempts to operate the ROMY structure phase locked in a weak multimode regime in order to stabilize the cavity sufficiently to observe diurnal retro-grade polar motion. This signal is not directly detectable with the geometric techniques of space geodesy such as GNSS, SLR and VLBI. The development of suitable models for the geophysical processes causing this signal is another important part of this research proposal as well as the appropriate fusion of ring laser observations with measurements of VLBI and GNSS. The comparison between the G ring laser and ROMY structure finally helps to distinguish local from global rotation.