Household and Death. Commodification and Identities in Baja during the Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (LPPNB) of the Southern Levant

向久坐和生产生活的转变引发了个人、群体、事物、空间之间的关系以及它们背后的认知倾向和身份之间的根本性变化，决定了它们的互动领域。建造的空间，声称的有形和无形的领土，以及加强的商品化(思想、知识、工作和事物)以前所未有的方式成为早期久居社区的组成部分和决定性因素。新石器时代早期的近东巨型村庄是研究这些生产性转变过程的非凡档案，以了解在其不同环境中发展起来的社会和认知领域的历史相关性。特别是，约旦东部山脉著名的巨型遗址(公元前8千年后半部分)的研究状况必须被视为此类调查的非凡经验数据库。巴哈和巴斯塔已有的大量数据以及2016年秋季在巴哈为研究重点--“家庭与死亡”开展的可行性研究的结果。南黎凡特PPNB晚期的社会商品化过程和身份认同为这一研究提供了巨大的潜力。最近的实地调查发现了巴哈的一个内部墓地，并确认了除活跃家庭外，故意掩埋的家庭清单的存在和位置。家庭与墓地的关系在新石器时代早期生活方式和价值体系的建立中发挥了重要作用。通过对巴哈家庭和死亡的概念和结果的探讨，该项目为研究问题提供了一个整体/整体的答案，这些问题是从莱万丁南部的角度被问到的：地板下的死者扮演了哪些社会和意识形态角色，日常活动与他们的仪式领域分开了吗？价值认同和商品共同体是通过哪些类型的组织建立起来的？哪些相互关联的过程促进了生产生活方式的成功，它们特有的加速和集聚过程是否解释了后来的历史发展？能否通过构建的实体来确定生产、社会和经济核心群体？是否有可能应用家庭关系的概念来理解早期的社会组织？仅从维持生计和采购的角度考虑家庭生产实体是否明智？由企业联系在一起的群体组成的早期久坐社区？我们的项目从内部和整体上探讨这一主题：它通过一个小型新石器时代社区的发现以及它如何参与一般的新石器时代轨迹来评估新石器时代的新石器化。它旨在加深对新石器时代精神的历史理解，新石器时代精神成为下一个时代生产生活方式的基础。

The transition to sedentary and productive life triggered fundamental changes in relationships between individuals, groups, things, spaces, and the cognitive dispositions and identities behind them, determining their interaction spheres. Built space, claimed tangible and intangible territories as well as the enhanced commodification (of ideas, knowledge, work, and things) became constitutive and decisive in an unprecedented way for early sedentary communities. The early Neolithic mega-villages of the Near East represent extraordinary archives for studying these productive transformation processes, in order to understand the historical relevance of the social and cognitive spheres which developed in their various environments. In particular, the state of research of the well-known mega-sites of the eastern Jordanian mountain ranges (2nd half of the 8th millennium BCE) must be considered an extraordinary empirical database for such investigations. The already available extensive data from Baja and Basta and the results of the feasibility study carried out in autumn 2016 in Baja for a research focus Household and Death. Processes of Social Commodification and Identities in the Late PPNB of the Southern Levant ensure the great potential for this research. Recent fieldwork allowed to identify an intramural cemetery in Baja, and confirmed the existence and location of intentionally buried household inventories aside the active households. The relation of households and sepulchral spheres played an important role in the establishment of early Neolithic life modes and value systems. Approaching by the concepts and results of Household and Death in Baja, the project heads for an integral/ holistic answer for the research questions, asked from a southern Levantine perspective: Which social and ideological roles did the dead under the house floors play, were daily practices separated from their ritual sphere? Through which types of organization were identities of value and commodity communities established? Which interrelated processes fostered the success of the productive life ways, and do their characteristic acceleration and agglomeration processes explain later historic developments? Can the productive, social, and economic core groups be identified through built entities? Is it possible to apply the concept of familial relationship in order to understand early social organizations? Is it sensible to consider household production entities only from the perspective of subsistence and procurement? Consisted early sedentary communities of corporately linked groups? Our project approaches the topic from the interior and holistic: It evaluates the neolithisation by the findings of a small Neolithic community and how it participated in the general Neolithic trajectory. It is aiming at a deep historical understanding of the Neolithic ethos which became the substratum of the productive lifeways of following times.