Identification of genes for enzymes involved in betalain biosynthesis and expression analysis in non-Dianthus plants.

为了阐明包括甜菜色素合成在内的未鉴定的酶，通过RNA-seq分析了四点钟的萼片。筛选出9个甜菜色素合成第一步关键酶--酪氨酸催化生成左旋多巴的候选cDNA。揭示了其中一个与红甜菜CYP 76 AD 1同源的CYP 76 AD 3的基因组结构。将CACTA转座因子dTmj 1插入到黄底红点斑花的CYP 76 AD 3基因的内含子中，干扰CYP 76 AD 3基因的转录，抑制CYP 76 AD 3活性的表达和红色甜菜花青苷的合成，而合成黄色甜菜黄素。dTmj 1在这个杂色萼片中的运动导致基因活性恢复，并且甜菜红素的合成恢复，在黄色背景上产生红色扇区或点。

In order to elucidate the unidentified enzymes including betalain synthesis, the sepals of four o'clock were analyzed by RNA-seq. Nine candidate cDNAs for the enzyme catalyzing tyrosine to L-DOPA, which was the first key step enzyme of betalain synthesis, were identified. The genomic structure of one of them, CYP76AD3, which was homolog of CYP76AD1 derived from red beet, was revealed. In the CYP76AD3 gene of variegated sepals with red sectors or dots on a yellow background, CACTA transposable element, dTmj1, was inserted in the intron of CYP76AD3 gene to disturb its transcription, resulting to prevent the expression of CYP76AD3 activity or red betacyanin synthesis, but to synthesize yellow betaxanthins. The movement of dTmj1 in this variegated sepals caused to revert the gene activity and the synthesis of betacyanin revived to generate red sectors or dots on a yellow background.