Studies on Slope Stabilization Methods and Development of Sedimentation Control System in Sloping Reclaimed Lands

在日本北海道网走县的一个开垦地进行了试验，对农田土壤保持和斜坡开垦地水成土沉降控制进行了研究，并进行了气象观测和水文调查。此外，还定期监测和记录冬季的地表和地下温度。土壤性质和行为也进行了调查，包括侵蚀和土壤流失测量从外地和坡面。结果表明，坡面土壤流失量大于田间土壤流失量，作为本研究的重点之一，对融雪的影响进行了研究。当雪开始解冻和融化时，土壤颗粒可以分离和运输，在这个过程中可能会造成相当大的土壤侵蚀。人们还知道，与夏季的土壤流失相比，冬季因积雪融化而造成的土壤流失更大。然而，在日本，这一现象在很大程度上仍然是未开发的，由于缺乏研究处理融化的雪在该国寒冷地区造成的侵蚀。本研究的另一个重要部分是利用在寒冷地区的侵蚀研究中获得的结果来测试涡流管在陡槽中的应用。本研究提出一种使用涡流管的沉淀控制系统。积雪融化引起的土壤从山坡上的移动会通过沉积作用破坏复垦区的低洼部分。这些研究结果为积雪或寒冷地区的土地复垦和保护提供了科学和技术上的新视角。

Studies were carried out on the subjects of soil conservation in farm lands and on the sedimentation control of waterborne soil in sloping reclaimed lands.The test was conducted in a reclaimed field in Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan wherein meteorological observation and hydrological survey were carried out. Also, ground surface and underground temperatures during the winter season were regularly monitored and recorded. Soil properties and behavior were likewise investigated including erosion and soil loss measurement from the field and slope surfaces. It was found out that soil loss from the sloping surface was greater than from the field surface.As one of the focus of this study, the effect of a thawinj or melting snow was investigated. When a snow starts to thaw and melt, soil particles can be detached and transported and in the process could cause considerable soil erosion. It is also known that soil loss during the winter season due to melting snow is larger compared to the soil loss during summer. However, in Japan, this phenomena is still largely unexplored owing io the lack of studies dealing on the erosion caused by melting snow in the cold areas of the country. Consequently though, the study was able to clear the mechanism of erosion in a snowy and cold area.Another important part of the study tested the application of vortex tube in steep channels using the results obtained from the erosion study in a snowy and cold area. This study proposes a sedimentation control system using the vortex tube. Movement of soil from the upslope as a result of melting snow can destroy the low lying parts of a reclaimed area through sedimentation.The results of these studies bring forth a new perspective which can scientifically and technically contribute to land reclamation and conservation in snowy or cold areas.