Development of Rain Gage and Water-stage Gage of Memory Type

为了制定防洪对策和水资源的开发利用，降雨量和河段流量的测量是不言而喻的。最常见的雨量计是倾斗式，水位计是浮子驱动式。降雨量或水位由齿条-小齿轮机构驱动的笔记录在纸条上。因此，留下了以下几点问题：由于时钟驱动的记录仪的航速太慢，在小时间间隔内获取降雨或水位数据的时间精度不能令人满意。从记录的图表中读取数据需要花费大量的时间和人力。本研究的目的是利用集成电路存储器，开发翻斗式雨量计和浮式水位计的存储装置，这是电子技术进步的一大步。所研制的雨量计存储装置由电路控制块、时基发生器、二进制计数器和4k字节的CMOS随机存储器组成，其设计目的是为了记忆雨量计滴漏的时间。水位计存储装置由中央处理单元、存储单元和测量单元组成，采用旋转编码器和上下计数器测量水位计高度，并按预先选定的时间间隔输入存储单元。此外，还开发了将这些存储器与计算机连接的接口以及从存储器中读取数据的基本程序。

In order to plan the countermeasure against flood disaster and the exploitation of water resources, it goes without saying that the measurement of rainfall and river stage/discharge are important.The most common of the rain gage is the tipping bucket type and the one of the water-stage gage is the float-actuated type. The amounts of rainfall or the water stage are recorded on a paper strip by a pen driven on rack-and-pinion mechanism. Therefore, the following points are left as problems: The time accuracy is not satisfactory to obtain the data of rainfall or water stage at a small interval of time, because the chart speed of the recorders driven by a clock is too slow. Much time and much labour are required to read the data from the recorded chart.The purpose of this research is to develop the memory devices of tipping buket rain gage and float-actuated water-stage gage using the IC memory that markes especially a big step in the progress of electronic technique.The developed memory device for rain gage consists of circuit control block, time base generator, binary counter and CMOS random access memory of 4 K bytes, designed so that it memorize the time when the bucket tips.The memory device for water-stage gage consists of central processing unit, memory unit and measuring unit, designed so that the height of water stage is measured using rotary encorder and up/down counter and is fed in memory unit at preselected time intervals.Moreover, the interfaces to connect these memory devices to computer and basic programs to read the data from the memory devices are developed.