Developmental Research of an automatic inspector machine for diagnosis of each part of roll bearings based on vibration analysis

当滚珠轴承中的套圈或滚珠表面粗糙或有缺陷时，就会产生振动。例如，在用来支撑磁带录像机旋转磁头的主轴的滚珠轴承的情况下，这样的缺陷降低了重放画面的质量。因此，在制造过程的最后一步，球轴承中的缺陷已被检查员检测到，并由检查员根据使用安德隆测量仪拾取的振动信号进行听觉分类。然而，培养一名好的检查员需要大量的时间。另外，检测人员的身体和心理状态也会影响检测结果。对此，我们提出了对滚珠轴承滚道或滚珠上的缺陷进行自动检测和分类。通过检查根据缺陷位置、轴承形状和内圈旋转速度计算出的以预期间隔观察到的峰值来检测和分类缺陷。我们证明了…通过实验进一步对缺陷进行分类，准确率达97.9%。为了检测表面粗糙度的形状或滚道或球上的缺陷数量，采用直接横穿球环或球表面的触针来测量表面粗糙度。然而，在这种情况下，有必要拆开滚珠轴承。也就是说，在装配的滚动球轴承中，无法测量滚道或滚珠的表面粗糙度，因此，我们还开发了一种新的诊断方法，通过分析表面缺陷激发的短时振动信号来准确估计转环和滚珠的表面粗糙度。最后，在上述研究的基础上，研制了一台滚珠轴承各部位缺陷的自动检测机。现在大约有200台检查机被引入工厂。将人工检测人员从长时间紧张的繁重工作中解放出来，提高了产品的可靠性。较少

Vibration is induced when rings or balls in a ball bearing have a rough surface or flaws. For example, in the case of the ball bearings used to support the spindle of the rotating heard of a video tape recorder, such defects debase the quality of the played-back picture. Therefore, at the final step in the manufacturing process, defects in ball bearings have been detected and classified aurally by inspectors listing to the vibration signals picked up using the Anderon meter. However, it requires a great deal of time to train a good inspector. Additionally, the physical and mental condition of inspector affects the results of detection.In response, we have been proposed for the automatic detection and classification of the flaw on the race or balls in a ball bearing. Defects are detected and classified by checking the peaks observed at the expected intervals which are calculated from the position of the flaws, the shape of the bearing and the rotation speed of the inner ring. We proved … More by experiments that the defects can be classified with an accuracy rate of 97.9 percent.In order to detect the shape of the surface roughness or the number of flaws on the raceway or on the balls, the surface roughness has been measured by a stylus which directly traverses the surface of the ring or the ball. However, it is necessary in this case to take apart the ball bearing. That is, it is impossible to measure the surface roughness on the race or the ball in the assembled rolling ball bearing.Therefore, we have also developed a new diagnosis method to estimate accurately the surface roughness of the rotating ring and the balls by analyzing the short-length vibration signal excited by the surface defects. Our experimental results confirm that the roughness estimated by the proposed method agrees with that measured directly by using a stylus.Finally, based on the above-described research, we have developed an automatic inspection machine for diagnosis of defects on each part of a ball bearing. About 200 inspection machines are now introduced into factories. The human inspectors are released from the hard task with the tension for long time and the reliability of the products are increased. Less