RESEARCH AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE SYSTEM FOR THE DIFFRACTION AND THE SCATTERING OF THE CIRCULARLY POLARIZED X-RAYS

有关圆偏振x射线的研究变得非常重要。但是，目前还没有相应的研究体系。在这项发展中的科学研究中，我们构建了这个系统，并利用动态衍射产生了完美的圆偏振x射线。我们提出了一种利用Bragg-case衍射的新型x射线相板（Bragg-case相板）。为了制备这种相板，我们设计并制造了专用的蚀刻机。在蚀刻过程中，晶体可以在溶液中旋转。在直径为25mm的圆形区域内，我们获得了厚度均匀的完美的Si（1ll）薄晶体（62 mm厚）。我们用x射线的吸收来检查晶体的厚度和均匀性。我们初步验证了该相板的功能，并根据X射线衍射动力学理论预测了相板中X射线的偏振态。我们在相位板上安装了专用角计，构建了圆偏振x射线衍射和散射系统。本系统由三部分组成。线偏振x射线是由装有第一测角仪的偏振晶体产生的。第二测角仪和第三测角仪分别用于Bragg-case相板和圆偏振x射线散射实验的样品。为了检测布拉格相板X射线的圆偏振比，我们在分析晶体上安装了第三角计。根据x射线衍射动力学理论，x射线的入射角改变了圆偏振比。最后我们得到了完美的圆偏振x射线。

The studies concerned with the circularly Polarized X-rays become very important. However, the system for those studies does not exist up to now. In this developmental scientific research we constructed this system and generated the perfect circularly polarized X-rays using the dynamical diffraction.We proposed the new type X-ray phase plate with which the Bragg- case diffraction are used (Bragg-case phase plate). In order to prepare this phase plate we designed and constructed the special etching machine. The crystal can be rotated in the solution during the etching by this machine. With this machine we obtain the perfect Si(lll) thin crystal (62 mum thick) of the uniform thickness in the circular area of 25 mm diameter. We checked the thickness and the uniformity of the crystal by the absorption of X-rays. Preliminarily we checked the function of this phase plate and obtained the polarized state of the X- rays from the phase plate predicted by the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction.We equipped the phase plate with the special goniometer and constructed the system for the diffraction and the scattering of the circularly polarized X-rays. This system consists of three parts. The linear polarized X-rays are generated from the polarized crystal equipped with the first goniometer. Second and third goniometers are for the Bragg-case phase plate and for the sample with which the scattering experiment of the circularly polarized X-rays are studied, respectively.In order to examine the circularly polarization ratio of the X- rays from the Bragg-case phase plate we equipped the analyzer crystal with the third goniometer. The circularly polarization ratio was changed due to the incident angle of the X-rays understood by the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction. Finally we obtained the perfect circularly polarized X-rays.