Novel X-ray interferometer with a normal incidence and its applications

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In this research we aimed to design and making of a novel X-ray interferometer with different optical path lengths combined with a nuclear resonantly filtered X-ray which has a longitudinal coherence length. It composed of a set of two crystal plates arranged face to face in which the diffraction condition with a Bragg angle near pi/2 is satisfied. Multiple reflection is occurred between two plates and leads to the interference. The nuclear resonant scattering by the ^<57>Fe nuclei is a desirable candidate and its transition energy is 14.4 keV.So the nuclear filtered 14.4 keV X-ray should satisfy the normal incidence condition and we have found that 0 6 10 reflection by the quarts crystal is best for this purpose.We performed the fundamental experiments to realize this novel interferometer using the synchrotron radiation. The reflectivity and transivity of quartz 0 6 10 at the normal incidence condition was investigated. The lattice parameter of quartz (0 6 10) was precisely determined by the new normal incidence method and we found that the Bragg reflection just at pi/2 of the nuclear filtered 14.4 keV X-ray will be realized at 95ﾟC.The perfection of quartz crystal was evaluated by the parallel setting of Si (12 4 0) and quartz (0 6 10). The profile of the rocking curve and the topography told us that its perfection was desirable. We made Bonse-Hart type interferometer of the quartz but the clear interference was not observed. Improvement of the cutting process may enables the interference. Finally we proposed the new method which determine the phase of the crystal factor using this X-ray interferometer and is quite defferent from other methods from the view point of X-ray optics.