Nuclear resonant X-ray optics by the use of synchrotron radiation

利用超强同步辐射对核共振散射进行了研究。这些研究的主要成果如下：(1)制备了一种由分离的四个硅晶体组成的新型单色仪，从中获得了带宽为几meV的x射线束。此外，设计并构造了可变能量核单色仪，在衍射条件下，单色仪的多普勒运动可以扫描反射光束的能量。(2)观测到^<57>Fe_2O_3的核布拉格散射在超过1mus的时间范围内的时间谱。利用衰减曲线中的量子拍确定了^<57>Fe的超精细结构参数值。(3)观测了A ^<119> sn - β锡箔的相干核正向散射的时间谱。在高散射角下，我们还观察到了非相干核共振散射的时间谱，其衰变时间接近于孤立核。(4)获得了^<169>TmFeO_3晶体^<169>Tm的核正向散射。(5)利用核共振散射作为探针束，分析了硅晶体压电振荡产生的x射线非弹性散射。(6)采用x射线频闪形貌法直接观测了射频磁场作用下FeBO_3晶体的磁弹性波。(7)在外磁场作用下，利用金刚石砧池进行了SrFeO_3中压力诱导转变的时域穆斯堡尔光谱研究。(8)通过在干涉仪的路径上插入多普勒振荡核散射体来进行干涉研究。(9)利用长相干长度的核散射光束实现了不同光路的x射线干涉仪。（10）首次在液体中观测到^<57>Fe原子核的核激发。在这里，由于反冲造成的能量损失由同步辐射的宽频带补偿。（11）利用^<57>铁箔首次观测到声子激发下的核共振散射。少

Studies on nuclear resonant scattering by the use of ultra-intense synchrotron ragiation were carried out. Main achievements of these studies are as follows. (1) A New type of monochromator composed of separated four silicon crystals was completed from which an X-ray beam with a band width of a few meV was obtained. In addition a variable energynuclear monochromator was designed and constructed in which the energy of the reflected beam could be scanned by a Doppler motion of the monochromator under the diffraction condition. (2) A time spectrum of nuclear Bragg scattering from ^<57>Fe_2O_3 was observed in a time range extending over 1mus. Using the quantum beat in the decay curve the values of the hyperfine structure parameters of ^<57>Fe were determined. (3) A time spectrum of coherent nuclear forward scattering from a ^<119>Sn-beta tin foil was observed. A time spectum of incoherernt nuclear resonant scattering at a high scattering angle was also observed where a decay time was nearl … More y equal to that of an isolated nucleus. (4) Nuclear forward scattering of ^<169>Tm from a ^<169>TmFeO_3 crystal were obtained. (5) X-ray inelastic scatterin from a silicon crystal oscillated piezo-electrically was analyzed by using the nuclear resonant scattering as a probe beam. (6) X-ray stroboscopic topography was used for the direct observation of magneto-elastic waves in a FeBO_3 crystal to which a RF magnetic field was applied. (7) Time domain Mossbauer spectroscopic studies of pressure-induced transition in SrFeO_3 were performed using a daiamond anvil cell under an external magnetic field. (8) Interferometric studies were made by inserting a Doppler-oscillated nuclear scatterer to a path of an interferometer. (9) An X-ray interferometer with different optical paths was realized by the use of the nuclear scattered beam having a long coherence length. (10) Nuclear excitation of ^<57>Fe nuclei in a liquid was observed for the first time. Here the energy loss due to recoil was compensated by the broad band of synchrotron radiation. (11) Nuclear resonant scattering accompanied by phonon excitaion was observed for the first time by using an ^<57>Fe-iron foil. Less