History of Italy (1770-1870): The Path to Modernity

该项目的目的是撰写一本约400页的意大利历史专著，涵盖1770-1870年期间，这是大学教学以及欧洲和全球比较研究所需的。现有的研究要么是过时的，要么是片面地关注政治文化史。同样的道理也适用于意大利的历史学，经济和社会问题的影响往往被忽视，特别是在文化转向之后。大部分的专题性综述都始于拿破仑时代。然而，我的项目开始得更早，并试图首次系统地将Sattelzeit的概念应用于意大利，在意大利，这一理论几乎没有被应用。如果放在1789年之前的意大利各州的背景下，就可以更好地理解法国自由主义立法在意大利的创新。此外，即使在维也纳国会之后，改革时期的重要推动力仍继续影响着意大利社会。因此，应针对意大利各州严格审查复职一词的有效性。这本书将以这个年轻的意大利民族国家的军队在1870年9月征服罗马作为结尾。从今天起，整个亚平宁属于意大利王国。通过选择这种按时间顺序排列的方法，可以对新民族国家的最初几年有深刻的理解，从而突出自由法律和中央集权管理的植入的困难。计划出版的专著将提供1770-1870年期间近代史学的概述。通过参考自己的解释，这一简明的综合包括政治、文化、经济和社会问题，将确定新的优先事项。其中之一就是对现有的文化史研究进行批判性修改。许多作家声称，意大利人已经动员起来，通过大规模的文学、历史学、歌剧和绘画来形成民族国家，从而驳斥了旧的论点，即民族国家一直是知识分子和统治精英的项目。他们通过分析经典高等文学的文本来进行解释学的论证，假设它们的动员作用，甚至没有试图证明它们的接受度。最后，重新审视过度强调上层中产阶级/资产阶级的作用似乎是恰当的，他们只占意大利S人口的2%-3%。人们往往忽视了贵族和下议院在政治、文化和经济方面的合作。

The aim of the project is to write a monograph on Italian history of about 400 pages covering the period 1770-1870 which is needed for university teaching as well as for comparative European and global research. The existing studies are either outdated or focus unilaterally on political and cultural history. The same applies for Italian historiography where the impact of economic and social issues has often been neglected especially after the cultural turn. The majority of the monographic overviews starts with the Napoleonic era. My project however sets in earlier and attempts to apply the concept of Sattelzeit systematically for the first time on Italy where this theory has hardly been employed. If placed into the context of the Italian states before 1789, the innovations of the liberal French legislation in Italy can be understood better. Furthermore, important impetuses of the reform period continued to affect Italian society even after the Congress of Vienna. Therefore, the validity of the term Restauration shall be examined critically regarding the Italian states. The volume will conclude with the conquest of Rome by troops of the young Italian nation-state in September 1870. From this date (forward), the entire Apennine belonged to the Kingdom of Italy. By choosing this chronological approach, a profound understanding of the first years of the new nation-state becomes possible, thereby highlighting the difficulties regarding the implantation of liberal laws and the centralistic administration.The planned monograph will offer an overview of recent historiography for the period 1770-1870. By referring to own interpretations, this concise synthesis including political, cultural, economic and social issues, shall set new priorities. One of these is to revise the existing cultural history studies critically. Various authors claim that Italians have been mobilized for the formation of a nation-state through literature, historiography, opera and painting on a massive scale thereby disproving older theses which state that the nation-state had been a project of the intellectual and ruling elites. They argue hermeneutically by analysing texts of classical high literature presuming their mobilizing effect without even trying to prove their reception. Finally, it seems appropriate to re-examine the overemphasis of the role of the upper middle classes/bourgeoisie which made up only 2-3% of Italy´s population. It is often overlooked that noblemen and commons collaborated in politics, culture and economy.