Anti-calculus effect of bisphosphonates and its application for the prevention of periodontal diseases.

本研究旨在探讨1-羟乙烷-1，1-双磷酸盐(HEBP)和六偏磷酸盐(HMP)对人牙结石形成的影响。45名没有全身疾病的成年人，年龄21-48岁，在这项研究中自愿参加。受试者分为3组，分别给予1.0%HEBP、1.2%HMP或安慰剂，每日3次，共14天。本研究采用双盲交叉试验设计。在实验期间，每个受试者在磨牙的口腔部位放置一个带有铸造卡环的小型可拆卸金属板，上面粘贴着标准化的聚酯膜。第14天，聚酯膜上可以形成的斑块被收获。测定斑块中钙、磷、氮总量及钙氮比。与安慰剂溶液相比，HEBP和HMP溶液均能显著降低斑块中的钙含量。用HEBP冲洗后，斑块中的总磷含量也降低。HMP冲洗组CA/N值明显降低。从这些结果来看，HEBP和HMP在体内都不是预防牙结石的有效药物。体外实验结果提示，HEBP和HMP的抗结石作用可能与其抑制牙石主要成分磷酸钙的晶体形成和晶体生长有关。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of HEBP(1-hydroxy-ethane-1,1-bisphosphonate) and HMP(Hexametaphosphate) on the formation of dental calculus in humans. Fourty-five adults with no systemic disease, age 21-48, volunteered in this study. The subjects were divided into 3 groups and either of 1.0% HEBP, 1.2% HMP or placebo was given as a rinsing solution 3 times daily for 14 day. This study was carried out according to a double blind with a cross over expreimental design. During the experimental period, a small removable metal plate with cast clasps where the standardized polyester films were sticked was placed on the buccal site of molar teeth for each subject. On day 14, the plaque permitted to develop on the polyester films was harvested. Total amounts of Ca, P, N and Ca/N ratio in the plaque were determined. Both of the rinsings with HEBP and HMP solution significantly reduced the Ca content in the plaque compared with the placebo solution. Total P in the plaque was also reduced in the-group rinsed with HEBP. Ca/N ratio was significantly reduced in the group rinsed with HMP. From these results, both HEBP and HMP coult be effective agents in preventing the dental calculus in vivo. Results of in vitro experiments suggested that anti-calculus effects of HEBP and HMP might be due to the inhibitory effects of these agents on the crystal formation and crystal growth of calcium phosphate which is the main constituent of dental calculus.