Plant diversity in the Mediterranean area: Micro- and macroevolutionary studies in Anthemis L. (Compositae, Anthemideae)

地中海地区是研究植物特有性及其进化的理想和迷人的地方。本文旨在对春黄菊属植物的宏观和微观进化进行研究。作为地中海植被的一个典型成员，以获得更多的洞察到的路径和属内的谱系迁移的时期，到这些多样化过程背后的地质和古生态驱动机制，并进入地中海植物物种种群遗传分化的岛屿系统的作用。为了实现这些目标，我们将（1）准备一个完整的，流域范围内，分子系统发育重建的春黄菊s.l. (196 spp.）基于一个原子核的序列信息（nrDNA ITS）和两个叶绿体（2）利用不同的地理学重建方法和扩散/隔离事件的分子定年重建研究群体在地中海地区的时空多样性，（3）为航站楼进行生态气候重建;根据地理参考标本的分布资料推断出的潜在气候范围，（4）对地中海中部岛屿系统（西西里群岛包括西西里岛、突尼斯、马耳他、兰佩多斯、潘泰莱里亚、埃加迪亚群岛、乌斯蒂卡、伊奥利亚群岛）的春黄菊种群进行种群遗传学和种群地理学研究（AFLP、cpDNA测序），并结合生态气候重建进行物种和生态位比较。

The Mediterranean region is an ideal and fascinating place to study plant endemism and its evolution. The here proposed investigations aim at macro- and microevolutionary studies in Anthemis L. as a typical member of the Mediterranean vegetation in order to gain more insight into the paths and periods of migration of lineages within the genus, into the geological and paleoecological driving mechanisms behind these diversification processes, and into the role of island systems in the genetic differentiation of populations of Mediterranean plant species. To achieve these goals we will (1) prepare a complete, basin-wide, molecular phylogenetic reconstruction for Anthemis s.l. (196 spp.) based on sequence information from a nuclear (nrDNA ITS) and two chloroplast (cpDNA psbAtrnH, trnC-petN) markers, (2) reconstruct the temporal and spatial diversification of the study group in the Mediterranean region using different biogeographical reconstruction methods and the molecular dating of dispersal/vicariance events, (3) prepare ecoclimatological reconstructions for terminals/clades and accomplish niche comparisons among them based on potential climatic ranges inferred from distribution data of georeferenced herbarium specimens, and (4) perform population genetic and phylogeographical studies (AFLP, cpDNA sequencing) in populations of the Anthemis secundiramea group in the central Mediterranean island system (Sicilian archipelago including Sicily, Tunisia, Malta, Lampedus, Pantelleria, Aegadian Islands, Ustica, Aeolian Islands) and combine them with eco-climatological reconstructions for species and niche comparisons among them.