Coordination Funds

VolImpact的主要目标是通过利用最近在模型和测量，特别是卫星测量方面取得的重要进展，加深我们对大气和气候如何对火山爆发作出反应的理解。关于模型模拟，我们将主要采用ICON系列的模型。在卫星测量方面，我们将检索和改进我们自己的VolImpact数据集（例如火山羽流高度、平流层浮质光学厚度和颗粒大小信息），并使用其他小组提供的现有数据集。实际研究将在五个科学项目中进行，重点是爆炸性火山羽流的初步发展（VolPlume项目），参数的变化火山爆发造成的平流层气溶胶（VolARC）的消光剖面、光学厚度和粒度分布、火山对云的影响（VolCloud）、中层大气的动力学和热结构（侧重于中间层，VolDyn）以及气候（VolClim）。在所有五个项目中，计划的科学活动都以目前的第一阶段为基础，但增加了重要的新方面。例如，在VolDyn中，科学重点现在是火山爆发的中间层影响（人们对这一点了解最少），VolClim在第二阶段将有一个新的分项目，处理人工智能/机器学习技术在预测火山爆发影响方面的应用。对于第二阶段，我们已经定义了三个总体科学主题，将由多个VolImpact项目解决。这些主题是：（1）气溶胶颗粒大小分布，（2）火山H2O注入中层大气，（3）辐射强迫。为了大大加强第一阶段的工作，我们将采用涉及不同火山岩巢的无缝模拟方法，以便能够在相关尺度上一致地模拟所有过程，从火山羽流的最初发展到全球和长期尺度。

The main objective of VolImpact is to deepen our understanding of how atmosphere and climate respond to volcanic eruptions by building on important recent advances in models and measurements, particularly satellite measurements. Regarding model simulations, we will mainly employ models of the ICON family. In terms of satellite measurements, we will retrieve and improve our own VolImpact data sets (e.g. of volcanic plume height, stratospheric aerosol optical depth and particle size information) and use existing data sets provided by other groups. The actual research will be carried out in five science projects focusing on the initial development of explosive volcanic plumes (project VolPlume), the variation of parameters (extinction profiles, optical depth and particle size distribution) of stratospheric aerosols (VolARC) caused by volcanic eruptions, volcanic effects on clouds (VolCloud), on the dynamics and thermal structure of the middle atmosphere (with a focus on the mesosphere, VolDyn) as well as on climate (VolClim). In all five projects, the planned science activities are based on the current phase I but important new aspects are added. For example, in VolDyn, the science focus is now on mesospheric effects of volcanic eruptions (which are least understood) and VolClim will have a new subproject in phase II dealing with the application of artificial intelligence / machine learning techniques for predicting the effects of volcanic eruptions. For phase II we have defined three overarching science topics that will be addressed by multiple VolImpact projects. These topics are (1) the aerosol particle size distribution, (2) volcanic H2O injections into the middle atmosphere, and (3) radiative forcing. Significantly enhancing the work in phase I, we will employ a seamless simulation approach involving different nests in order to be able to consistently simulate all processes at their relevant scales, from the initial development of the volcanic plume up to global and long-term scales.