Chirped-pulse Fourier transform millimeterwave spectroscopy on transient molecules of astrophysical relevance (CP-FTMM Astro)

像智利的ALMA(阿塔卡马大毫米阵列)天文台这样的现代望远镜，允许人们以前所未有的方式观察复杂的天文物体，如晚型恒星及其化学环境。濒临死亡的恒星以气相物种和尘埃的形式将其质量的很大一部分喷射到外层空间，因此是宇宙化学更新的主要驱动力。新的观测数据表明，我们对这些天体的分子清单知之甚少，因为很明显，很大一部分发射线的载流子还无法确定。这主要是由于缺乏实验室数据，特别是小分子在亚毫米范围内的高分辨率光谱。为了改善这种情况，从而充分利用ALMA、APEX和IRAM30M等大型设施的能力，在100-500千兆赫区域专门进行了关于暂态材料(主要是耐火材料)(C、Si、金属、…)的实验承载分子，是必需的。利用强大的啁啾脉冲在微波和亚毫米波长范围内的新发展现在可以实现100 GHz左右的高分辨率发射实验，这些实验非常适合满足上述光谱需求。我们的目标是在实验室中引入、改进和使用这种新方法的全部潜力，并通过建立一个完全致力于光谱识别中小型(3-15个原子)新分子物种的新实验装置，将其应用于与小反应分子相关的天体物理任务。此外，计划在同一类物种上进行毫米波-红外(双光子)联合实验，通过分子的旋转光谱来研究振动激发的分子。

Modern telescopes like the ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter Array) observatory in Chile, allow for a yet unprecedented view onto complex astronomical objects like late-type stars and their chemical environment. Dying stars eject huge parts of their mass into outer space in form of gas-phase species and dust, thus being the major driver of cosmic chemical renewal. New observational data have shown how little we know about the molecular inventory of these objects as it became apparent that the carriers of a substantial part of the emission lines cannot yet be identified. This is mainly due to the lack of laboratory data, i.e. specifically that of high resolution spectra in the submm range of small molecules. To improve the situation and thus fully exploit the capabilities of large facilities like ALMA, APEX, and IRAM30m, dedicated experiments in the 100-500 GHz region on transient, mostly refractory materials (C, Si, metals, …) bearing molecules, are required. New developments in the microwave and submm wavelength region utilizing powerful chirped pulses now enable high resolution emission experiments around 100 GHz that are perfectly suited to satisfy the above mentioned spectroscopic needs. It is our goal to introduce, improve and use the full potential of this new method in the laboratory and to apply it to astrophysical quests related to small reactive molecules by building up a new experimental setup fully dedicated to spectroscopically identify new molecular species of small to medium size (3-15 atoms). In addition, a combined Millimeter-infrared (two photon) experiment on the same class of species is planned to investigate vibrationally excited molecules via their rotational spectra.