Scaling behavior of non-equilibrium measures in soft biological assemblies Chromosome

生命物质远离热力学平衡运行。突出的例子包括染色体和细胞骨架网络，其中酶蛋白的分子尺度活性驱动大规模的非平衡波动。然而，一个通用的方法来确定从实验上可访问的介观测量的主动驱动的微观特性仍然难以捉摸。最近，我们表明，活性物质的性质可以确定非侵入性观察稳态随机动态介观自由度使用延时显微镜实验。这些系统的非平衡动力学可以表现为介观坐标相空间中的循环概率流，表明打破了详细的平衡。我们的中心目标是提供一个理论上的理解，揭示了如何使用这种介观非平衡措施，以提取定量信息的微观特性的主动驱动在软生物assemblies.To实现这一目标，我们将开发一个随机的理论框架，主动软assemblies.To实现这一目标。使用这个框架，我们将提供一个理论描述的空间尺度行为的内部驱动系统中打破详细的平衡。特别是，我们使用弹簧晶格与主动驱动来阐明系统的特征，如系统的架构或主动驱动力的属性，确定非平衡措施的缩放。我们的工作旨在提供新的方法来测量，分析和解释生物组件中的随机非平衡动力学，从而为细胞和组织中活物质的物理表征提供一种潜在的新方法。

Living matter operates far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Prominent examples include chromosomes and cytoskeletal networks, where molecular scale activity of enzymatic proteins drives large-scale non-equilibrium fluctuations. However, a general approach to determine the microscopic properties of active driving from experimentally accessible mesoscopic measurements remains elusive. Recently, we showed that the active nature of living matter can be determined non-invasively by observing the steady-state stochastic dynamics of mesoscopic degrees of freedom using time-lapse microscopy experiments. The non-equilibrium dynamics of these systems can manifest as circulating probability currents in a phase space of mesoscopic coordinates indicating broken detailed balance. Our central objective is to provide a theoretical understanding that reveals how to use such mesoscopic non-equilibrium measures to extract quantitative information that characterizes the microscopic properties of the active driving in soft biological assemblies.To achieve this objective, we will develop a stochastic theoretical framework for active soft assemblies. Using this framework, we will provide a theoretical description of the spatial scaling behavior of broken detailed balance in internally driven systems. In particular, we use spring lattices with active driving to elucidate how characteristic features of the system, such as the system’s architecture or the properties of the active driving forces, determine the scaling of non-equilibrium measures. Our work aims to provide new ways in which stochastic non-equilibrium dynamics in biological assemblies are measured, analysed, and interpreted, leading to a potentially new approach for the physical characterization of living matter in cells and tissue.