Bottom-up approach to sustainable development? The Economy for the Common Good between utopian visions, civic initiatives and grass-roots democratic decisions

在当今社会，尽管技术日益发展，经济日益繁荣，但日益严重的社会和全球不平等以及环境退化正在加剧，社会信任和社会凝聚力正在受到侵蚀。为了共同利益的经济（ECG）是一个公民行动运动，它试图通过区域团体的志愿者参与，在基层一级启动经济制度的社会生态转型进程。该运动的宣言是由Christian Felber（2010）开发的替代经济模型，该模型寻求增加共同利益而不是增加个人资本。心电图的目标是建立一个新的“契约社会”（卢梭）。本研究聚焦于各利益相关者对心电概念的协商与沟通的社会实践。该项目的研究视角基于实证民族志科学研究，心电概念被认为是文化导向的知识。ECG在三个不同的层面上进行检查：在话语层面，在其历史参考框架内探索所使用的价值概念，考虑其与人类学和伦理经济概念的相似之处，以及当前对互惠和礼物交换的考虑，并调查其与当前替代经济概念的相似性。此外，对心电概念本身的批评进行了分析。在集体动员的层面上，心电图被视为一种社会运动，一方面在使替代经济知识合法化的背景下，在与外部政治、经济和公民利益相关者的互动中，对其进行了审查。另一方面，审议了基层民主决策过程中的内部谈判。在日常层面上，不同的利益相关者在不同的背景和情况下的知识实践进行了探索。特别是在谈判和翻译过程中，研究了知识的本地嵌入和传播，以及随之而来的有效性和连贯性的创造。特别关注对日常生活以及经济和科学模型的变革性影响。通过研究项目的实证结果，可以批判性地思考经济行为的理论概念，并可以构思新的经济形式和生活方式。

In today's society, despite increasing technological development and economic prosperity, rising social and global inequality and environmental degradation is progressing and social trust and social cohesion are being eroded. The Economy for the Common Good (ECG) is a civic action movement that is trying to initiate the process of socio-ecological transformation of the economic system on a grass-roots level through the involvement of volunteers in regional groups. The manifesto of the movement is the alternative economic model developed by Christian Felber (2010), which seeks to increase the common good instead of increasing individual capital. The goal of the ECG is the establishment of a new "contrat social" (Rousseau).The study focuses on the social practices of negotiation and communication of the ECG concept by the various stakeholders. The research perspective of the project is based on empirical ethnographic science studies, with the ECG concept being considered as culturally oriented knowledge. The ECG is examined on three different levels: on the discursive level the value concepts used are explored within their historical frame of reference, their parallels with anthropological and ethical economic concepts and with current considerations on reciprocity and gift exchange are considered and their similarities with current alternative economic concepts are investigated. Furthermore criticism of the ECG concept itself is analysed. At the level of collective mobilization the ECG is taken to be a social movement which is examined on the one hand in the context of legitimizing alternative economic knowledge and in its interaction with external political, economic and civic stakeholders. On the other hand internal negotiations in the grass-roots democratic decision-making processes are considered. At the everyday level the knowledge practices of different stakeholders in different contexts and situations are explored. In particular in the negotiation and translation processes the local embedment and communication of knowledge are investigated, along with the accompanying creation of validity and coherence. The special focus is on the transformative effects on everyday life and on economic and scientific models. With the empirical results of the research project the theoretical concepts of economic action can be critically considered and new economic forms and ways of life can be conceived.