Opening and exploitation of a typical landscape in the Don forest steppe during the 3rd mill. BC

该项目将调查俄罗斯欧洲森林草原地带的一个微型区域。这将有助于我们了解公元前3世纪下半叶森林草原牧民的生存基础、对周围环境的开发以及牧民的流动模式，研究人员对此仍然知之甚少，尽管这一时期和这些地区在关于流动牧业出现的论述中占据了突出地位。该项目以莫斯科以南500公里处的Ksizovo№1(靠近现代化村庄Ksizovo)为中心。Ksizovo№1只显示了一个文化层，使用绝对方法确定日期为公元前2600年至2300年。从这一层发现的陶瓷碎片具有地区性的唐氏墓穴文化变体的特征。作为第三钢厂。公元前只有一层文化层的草原或森林草原上的定居点非常罕见，但对Ksizovo№1的调查可能会非常有价值。认识到有必要对该遗址进行尽可能彻底的研究，从而获得尽可能多的各种和具有启发性的数据，包括代理数据和考古数据，该项目将加强、补充和支持已于2014年开始的发掘工作。它将在挖掘期间和两侧以及在分析和解释所有结果时采取严格的多学科方法。因此，地貌学、沉积学和考古植物学(包括。补充性植硅体分析)分析将产生关于季节性流动性和居民生存基础的替代数据。对一系列试点陶片的有机残留物分析将让我们深入了解居民的饮食；在另一项试点研究中，顺序采样的牛牙中的氧和锶同位素比率可能揭示出有助于洞察流动牧民季节性活动的模式。Ksizovo№1位于顿河上游及其支流斯诺瓦河之间，只是该微区8个定居点之一，在第三个磨坊下半段有人居住。公元前。这个小区域还包括两个地下墓地文化的平坦墓地。该项目将包括对在所有这些地点挖掘和实地行走时发现的所有材料进行审查。他们对物质文化的评估将使他们保持同步。如果像我们推测的那样，它们中至少有一些是同时存在的，那么存在这样一种可能性，即这些聚落是由一个单独的种群季节性使用的。结合考古调查的结果和自然科学分析的结果，最终形成了关于该区域在这一特定时期的空间组织的模型。

The project will investigate a microregion in the forest steppe zone of European Russia. It will contribute to our knowledge about the subsistence basis, the exploitation of the surrounding environment and the mobility patterns of the pastoralists in the forest steppe in the 2nd half of the 3rd mill BC, about which researchers still know very little, notwithstanding the fact that this period and these regions figure prominently in discourse about the emergence of mobile pastoralism. The project centres around the site Ksizovo № 1(close to the modern village Ksizovo), 500 km south of Moscow. Ksizovo № 1 reveals only one cultural layer, dated using absolute methods to 2600–2300 cal BC. Finds from this layer include ceramic fragments characteristic of the regional Don variant of the Catacomb culture. As third mill. BC settlements in the steppe or forest steppe containing only a single cultural layer are quite rare, the investigation of Ksizovo № 1 has the potential to be extremely rewarding. Recognizing that it is essential to study the site as thoroughly as possible, and thus to obtain as much varied and revealing data as possible, including both proxy and archaeological data, this project will intensify, supplement and support the excavation that already began there in 2014. It will pursue a rigorous multidisciplinary approach during and flanking the excavation and in the analysis and interpretation of all results. Thus, geomorphological, sedimentological research and archaeobotanical (incl. complementary phytolith analysis) analyses will generate proxy data on seasonal mobility and the subsistence basis of the inhabitants. Organic residue analysis of a pilot series of pottery sherds will give us insight into the diet of the inhabitants; within another pilot study, the oxygen and strontium isotope ratios in sequentially sampled cattle teeth might reveal patterns providing insight into seasonal movements of mobile pastoralists. Ksizovo № 1 is located between the upper course of the river Don and its tributary Snova and is only one of eight settlements in the microregion that were inhabited during the second half of the 3rd mill. BC. The microregion also contains two flat grave cemeteries of the Catacomb culture. The project will include a review of all of the materials found during excavation and field walking at all of these sites. The assessment of the material culture from them will allow their synchronisation. If, as we presume to be the case, at least some of them existed contemporaneously, the possibility exists that these settlements were used seasonally by a single population. Combining the results of the archaeological investigations with the results of the natural science analyses culminate in the development of models concerning the spatial organisation in the region in this particular period.