CUORE - Cultures of response: A cross cultural comparison of resilience to storms in the Penghu archipelago and the East Frisian Islands

在社会生态系统（SES）日益面临自然灾害的不可预测性和严重性的当今时代，恢复力的概念具有重要的科学和政治意义。最近出现的反应多样性概念为实证研究弹性的动态、文化和多维性质提供了独特的机会。事实上，通过反应多样性，有可能分析社会经济体系的不同组成部分如何对自然灾害等压力源作出反应，以及这些组成部分如何在不同的水平和尺度上相互作用，以创造新的适应途径和机会。“CUORE -响应文化”项目通过对澎湖群岛（台湾）和东弗里斯兰群岛（德国）两个案例的实证和比较应用响应多样性的概念，分析了恢复力的文化和动态性质。更具体地说，这两个案例研究都将根据对风暴的适应能力进行分析，这是各岛屿日益面临和必须应对的气候变化时期的共同挑战。对文化上不同的个案研究的调查将并行进行，并采用相同的理论和方法。将继续监测和整合这两个案例研究的结果，以便反思研究过程，确定复原力的文化形式的趋同和分歧，并合作设计将要采取的研究步骤。由三名申请者和两名博士组成的团队将：1)开发和应用一个共同的理论框架；2)在两个案例研究中分析不同社会和时间尺度（个人、集体和机构；过去、现在和未来）对风暴的反应多样性；3)通过确定影响恢复力的主要文化变量，定量探索应对风暴的行为结构。CUORE的跨文化方法最终将导致对复原力的文化嵌入性的深入理解，在此基础上将制定一套指标和反应情景。这些指标将具有被地方和国家决策者应用的潜力，其目的是制定有效措施，以改进社会对自然灾害的准备和复原力。总体而言，CUORE对当前弹性讨论的贡献有三个方面：a)从理论角度来看，引入响应多样性来实证调查弹性；b)从方法论角度来看，文化敏感的定性和定量数据的三角测量和富有成效的结合；c)从操作角度来看，将项目发现转移到政策背景中。

The concept of resilience is of great scientific and political significance in current times where socio ecological systems (SES) increasingly face the unpredictability and severity of natural disasters. The recently emerging concept of response diversity offers the unique opportunity to empirically investigate the dynamic, cultural and multidimensional nature of resilience. In fact, through response diversity it is possible to analyse how different components of an SES respond to stressors such as natural disasters and how these components interact on different levels and scales for creating new pathways and opportunities for adaptation. The project "CUORE – Cultures of response" analyses the cultural and dynamic nature of resilience by empirically and comparatively applying the concept of response diversity in two case studies: the Penghu archipelago (Taiwan) and the East Frisian Islands (Germany). More specifically, both case studies will be analysed with regard to resilience to storms, a common challenge in times of climate change that the islands increasingly face and have to deal with. The investigation of the culturally different case studies will be carried-out in parallel and with the same theoretical and methodological approach. The findings of the two case studies will continuously be monitored and integrated in order to reflect on the research process, identify convergences and divergences in the cultural forms of resilience and to cooperatively design the research steps to be taken. The team, composed by the three applicants and two PhDs will: 1) develop and apply a common theoretical framework, 2) analyse the response diversity to storms in the two case studies across different social and temporal scales (individual, collective and institutional; past, present and future), and 3) quantitatively explore behavioural structures in responding to storms by identifying main cultural variables that influence resilience. The cross-cultural approach of CUORE will finally result in an in-depth understanding of the cultural embeddedness of resilience, based on which a set of indicators and response scenarios will be developed. The indicators will hold the potential to be applied by local and national policy makers that aim at developing effective measures for improving the social preparedness for and resilience to natural disasters. Overall, the contribution of CUORE to the current discussion on resilience is threefold: a) from a theoretical point of view, the introduction of response diversity to empirically investigate resilience, b) from a methodological point of view, the triangulation and fruitful combination of culturally sensitive qualitative and quantitative data, c) from an operational point of view, the transfer of the project’s findings to the policy context.