Empirical Assessment of Presence and Immersion in Augmented and Virtual Realities

虚拟现实（VR）和增强现实（AR）等沉浸式技术的日益普及给工业和研究带来了新的挑战。这些挑战之一是对这些技术和应用的质量进行经验评价。存在感和沉浸感的强度通常用于评估或比较方法。由于这些术语是主观感受，因此通常使用问卷来获得量化的评价标准。在本建议中，讨论了最常用的问卷的现状，以及术语“在场”和“沉浸”的定义，并处理了它们的缺陷。结果表明，无论是术语的定义还是个别问卷都存在很大差异。此外，本文认为，最常用的问卷在内容上存在缺陷，并且它们在测量在场和沉浸各自结构方面的有效性从未得到证实。由于定义的分歧以及由此产生的问卷差异，不可能进行比较科学的过程。该项目的目的是创建、验证和发布符合当前技术状况及其需求的调查问卷。为此目的，将首先对目前的技术状况进行详细审查。其目的是在获得知识的基础上，假设存在和沉浸这两个术语的统一定义。提案中已经讨论了这些术语可能的定义和定界的初稿。在此基础上，创建问题列表，迭代优化并验证为问卷。所获得的知识以及问卷应该有助于更客观和比较地评估沉浸式技术和应用程序。

The increasing use of immersive technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) is accompanied by new challenges for industry and research. One of these challenges is the empirical evaluation of the quality of such technologies and applications. The strength of presence and immersion is often used to evaluate or compare approaches. Since these terms are subjective feelings, questionnaires are usually used to obtain a quantified evaluation criterion.In this proposal the current state of the art of the most frequently used questionnaires as well as definitions of the terms presence and immersion are discussed and their deficits are dealt with. It is shown that both, the definitions of the terms and the individual questionnaires differ greatly. Furthermore, it is argued that the most frequently used questionnaires have deficits in content and that their validity for measuring the respective constructs of presence and immersion has never been proven. Due to the divergence of the definitions and the resulting differences in the questionnaires, a comparative scientific process becomes impossible.The aim of the project is to create, validate and publish questionnaires which correspond to the current state of technology and its requirements. To this end, a detailed review of the current state of the art will first be carried out. The aim is to postulate uniform definitions of the terms presence and immersion on the basis of the knowledge gained. A first draft of possible definitions and delimitations of the terms is already discussed in the proposal. Based on this, lists of questions will be created which will be iteratively optimized and validated as questionnaires.The knowledge gained as well as the questionnaires should help to evaluate immersive technologies and applications more objectively and comparably.