Transformation of violence-centered masculinities after armed conflicts

人们广泛研究了武装冲突中以暴力为中心的男子气概的出现和动态。相比之下，对冲突后和平建设对其转变和中止的研究仍处于起步阶段。这并非没有问题，因为以暴力为中心的男性气质显然危及战后社会的稳定。此外，它们往往与家庭暴力的增加有关。因此，拟议项目力求解决建设和平的主要工具-前战斗人员解除武装、复员和重返社会（复员方案）、安全部门改革和过渡时期司法措施-是否以及如何促进转变并最终终止以暴力为中心的男子气概的问题。基于性别研究和实践理论，我们假设，暴力为中心的男性气质的结构可以识别和调查，通过话语和社会实践在两个不同的社会层面。因此，我们区分（a）宏观层面的军事化男性气质和（B）中观层面的军事男性气质。具体而言，我们想使用探索性的研究设计，分析是否以及如何复员方案，安全部门改革和过渡时期正义运动解决和改变这两个层面上的暴力为中心的男子气概在利比里亚，塞拉利昂和乌干达。我们之所以选择这三个国家，是因为已经有初步证据表明：（1）我们所关注的三种建设和平的工具都得到了部署;（2）它们有助于稳定的冲突后社会的出现;（3）以暴力为中心的男性气质在不同层面上或多或少地得到了成功的转变。我们的研究项目的主要目标是通过在多维过程研究的框架内重建和分析选定的建设和平过程，为以暴力为中心的男性气质转变领域的理论发展做出贡献。

The emergence and dynamics of violence-centered masculinities in armed conflicts has been extensively studied. By contrast, research into its transformation und suspension by post-conflict peace building is still in its infancy. This is not unproblematic insofar as violence-centered masculinities demonstrably endanger the stability of post-war societies. In addition, they are often associated with an increase in domestic violence. Therefore, the proposed project seeks to address the question of whether and how key instruments of peacebuilding – the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of former combatants (DDR), security sector reforms (SSR) and transitional justice measures (TJM) – contribute to the transformation and eventually suspension of violence-centered masculinities. Based on gender research and practice theory, we assume that constructions of violence-centered masculinities can be identified and investigated through discursive and social practices at two different social levels. Accordingly, we distinguish (a) militarized masculinities at the macro level, and (b) military masculinities at the meso level. Specifically, we want to use an exploratory research design to analyze whether and how DDR, SSR and TJM address and change violence-centered masculinities on these two levels in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Uganda. We selected these three countries because there is already prima facie evidence (1) that the three instruments of peace-building we are focusing on were deployed, (2) that they contributed to the emergence of stable post-conflict societies, and (3) that violence-centered masculinities have been transformed more or less successfully at different levels. The main objective of our research project is to contribute to theory development in the field of the transformation of violence-centered masculinities by reconstructing and analyzing selected peacebuilding processes within the framework of multidimensional process studies.