How do health professionals translate available evidence on early childhood allergy prevention into health-literacy responsive practice? (Health Professionals)

儿科医生、全科医生和助产士与准父母和新父母保持定期联系。研究表明，卫生专业人员的预防性咨询可以有效地提高患者的健康素养(HL)和健康行为。提供关于儿童早期过敏预防(ECAP)的有效建议依赖于两个方面：首先，卫生专业人员需要随时了解关于ECAP的动态变化的研究证据，并考虑普遍的误解和恐惧，并将这些知识转化为明确的建议，向患者家人提供建议(知识翻译)。其次，他们需要了解并使用咨询技术来回应父母的HL需求，并创造一个支持HL的实践环境(健康素养-响应性护理)。由于在这一领域缺乏研究，最重要的是更好地了解卫生专业人员如何将证据转化为实用知识，了解他们对ECAP和HL的看法和做法，并探索他们在日常实践中可能遇到的障碍和促进者。WP3的目标是探索a)德国门诊护理专业人员如何接受、理解ECAP并将研究证据传递给他们的患者家属，以及b)他们如何看待ECAP咨询和组织他们的实践环境中的HL挑战。选择了定性探索性研究设计，并在第三个项目年开发和试行了标准化问卷。任务(1)和(2)：为了探讨卫生专业人员对ECAP知识转化和HL反应护理的看法，将对儿科医生/全科医生(1)和助产士(2)进行半标准化定性访谈。任务(3)：为了对比和丰富(1)和(2)中的数据，将对在过敏/HL专业组织中担任职能职位并能提供上级观点的卫生专业人员进行定性专家访谈。任务(4)：基于(1)至(3)的结果，将制定标准化的问卷和研究设计，以评估卫生专业人员在ECAP和HL反应护理中的感知障碍、促进因素和挑战。将进行一项试点研究，以评估问卷在大规模调查中的可用性。WP3重点关注在ECAP中塑造父母HL的医疗环境。它与“WP2-生活系统评价”和“WP1-利益冲突”有关，前者提供了有关ECAP的最新研究证据，后者涉及COI在卫生专业人员护理实践指南生成中的相关性。“WP4-用户需求”解决了ECAP中家长对HL的意见，因此，在制定面试指南和对结果进行三角划分时，计划进行相互咨询。

Pediatricians, general practitioners (GPs) and midwives are in regular contact with expectant and new parents. Research has shown that preventive counseling by health professionals can be effective in improving patients’ health literacy (HL) and health behavior. Providing effective advice on early childhood allergy prevention (ECAP) relies on two aspects: First, health professionals need to keep informed on the dynamically changing research evidence on ECAP, as well as consider popular misconceptions and fears, and to translate this knowledge into clear recommendations to advise their patients’ families (knowledge translation). Second, they need to know and employ counseling techniques that respond to parental HL needs and create a HL-supportive practice setting (health literacy-responsive care). Due to a lack of research in this area, it is paramount to better understand how evidence is translated by health professionals into practical knowledge, to understand their views and practices with regard to ECAP and HL, and to explore barriers and facilitators which they may encounter in their daily practice. The objective of WP3 is to explore a) how German health professionals in ambulatory care take up, make sense of and transfer research evidence on ECAP to their patients’ families and b) how they consider HL challenges in their ECAP counselling and organization of their practice setting. A qualitative exploratory research design was chosen, complemented by developing and piloting a standardized questionnaire in the third project year. Tasks (1) and (2): In order to explore the health professionals’ views on ECAP knowledge translation and HL-responsive care, semi-standardized qualitative interviews will be conducted with pediatricians/GPs (1) and midwives (2). Task (3): In order to contrast and enrich data from (1) and (2), qualitative expert interviews will be conducted with health professionals who hold a functional position within an organization specialized in allergy/HL, and who can provide a superordinate perspective. Task (4): Based on the results from (1) to (3), a standardized questionnaire and study design will be developed for assessing perceived barriers, enablers and challenges of health professionals in ECAP and HL-responsive care. A pilot study will be conducted for evaluating the usability of the questionnaire in a large-scale survey. WP3 focuses on the healthcare environment shaping parental HL in ECAP. It is linked to “WP2-Living Systematic Review”, which provides the up-to-date research evidence on ECAP, and to “WP1-Conflict of Interest”, with regard to the relevance of COI in guideline generation for health professionals’ care practice. “WP4-User Needs” addresses the parental views on HL in ECAP, therefore, mutual consultation is planned when developing the interview guides and for triangulating the results.