Dogtown and X-Games. Bodies, spaces, and signs — an effective history of skateboarding

本文试图写一个简洁易懂的社会文化实践的文化史，为1970年左右以来体育领域发生的变化和转变提供了大量的见解。这是对现有的（最近快速增长的）关于这一主题的文献的有益补充，因为这些作品大多基于实地调查和采访，只是对体育实践的快照，现在可以回顾六十年的历史。历史框架的重建清楚地表明，“现在主义”文学在其本质上倾向于高估这段历史中的相当具体的点，从而创造了一种扭曲的形象。研究表明，从20世纪50年代末第一块滑板的出现到2016年夏季奥运会将滑板列入比赛日程，这项运动发生了三次根本性的变化——包括通常进行的动作和使用的地形，以及反映和影响这项运动的解释和归因。1970年后，1960年的儿童游戏最初成为一项相当传统的运动。直到20世纪70年代末，滑板才转变为一种亚文化，这种亚文化通常与滑板运动有关。自1985年以来，这种亚文化一直受到“运动化”的影响，但尚未导致对有组织的体育运动参数的恢复，而目前滑板的“奥林匹克化”根源就在于此。相反，这种发展在1990年前后被物理空间表演和实践表现的进一步转变所打破，这最初导致了第二次“亚文化化”，这是流行文化和体育文化之间的振荡运动，可以通过滑板作为20世纪80年代出现的所谓趋势或动作运动的代表来表现。是通过一套工具来重建的，这些工具借鉴了最近在定性（文化）社会学中方法论和理论的发展。在研究方法上，本文将身体和空间的社会学概念与最近的“实践转向”概念结合起来；例如，通过系统地关注滑板身体技术和视频技术的发展之间的相互作用，关注社会变化的物质性方面。虽然这项工作的目的不在于理论和方法方面的考虑，而是集中于其对象的表现，但也附带地就这些理论和方法方面的讨论作出了一些结论。

The thesis attempts to write a concise, accessible cultural history of a social and cultural practice that provides a great deal of insight into the changes and shifts that have occurred in the field of sports since around 1.970.This is a useful addition to the existing (recently rapidly growing) literature on the subject, as these works, mostly based an field research and Interviews, only arrive at snapshots of a sporting practice that can now Look back an six decades of history. The reconstruction of a historical framework made it clean that the "presentist" literature, in its very nature, tends to over-estimate quite specific points within this history, thus creating a distorted Image. The work shows that the practice changes fundamentally three times between the appearance of the first boards in the later 1 950s and skateboatding`s inclusion in the schedule of the Summer Olympics in 2016 - both with regard to the movements typically carried out and the terrains used, as well as the interpretations and attributions that reflect and influence this action.After 1970, the children's play of 1960 became an initially quite conventional sport. It was not until the late 1970s that skateboarding was transformed into the subculture commonly associated with the practice. The "sportification" to which this subculture has been subjected since about 1 985 his not yet led to the rapprochement to the parameters of organized sports in which the present “olympfication” of skateboarding has its roots. Rather, the development was broken a round 1990 by a further transformation of physical-spatial performances and the representation of the practice, which initially led to a second "subculturalisation" This oscillating movement between pop and sports culture, which can be shown by skateboarding as a representative of the family of so-called trend or action sports that emerged in the course of the 1980s, is reconstructed by means of a set of instruments that draws an recent methodological and theoretical developments in qualitative (cultural) sociology. In its approach, the thesis combines sociological concepts of the body and of space with recent concepts of a "practice turn"; for example, by systematically focusing an interactions between the development of skateboard body techniques and video technology, aspects of the materiality of social change are focused.Although the work did not aim at theoretical and methodological considerations, but concentrated on the representation of its object, there were also - collateral - some conclusions concerning those theoretical and methodological discussions.