Large Eddy Simulation of the interaction of wing wake and the horizontal tail plane under buffet conditions

高速失速发生在飞行包线的上边缘。它的特点是压缩激波的循环运动（所谓的冲击现象）和相关的流动分离。由此产生的非定常尾迹会撞击下游的水平尾翼面，引起不需要的流动条件和结构载荷。这导致了一个复杂的，非线性的影响链在大范围的湍流尺度。这些耦合相互作用的物理解释和数值预测仍然具有挑战性。此外，在第一阶段对ETW的XRF-1配置进行的测量和在AIA的三音速风洞的基础实验中，观察到结构振动，其中一些是显著的。到目前为止，在分析和数值中还没有考虑到它们的影响。我们知道，根据频率关系的不同，可以发生自助餐的调制。这种额外的影响增加了振尾-尾迹-水平尾面的作用链的复杂性。因此，本研究项目的目标是在考虑结构振动影响的情况下，促进对水平尾翼尾迹与流动相互作用的理解。为此，我们首先研究了振动对机翼自助餐的影响。我们计划在基础实验上进行结构化的渐进式测量和模拟活动，其中TP5负责模拟端。这种策略将使我们能够澄清几何因素（掠角、跨度）和振动的相互影响。在数值上，单个影响（有和没有振动）可以解耦并单独考虑。这里的基本问题是结构振动是否以及如何调制抖振（特别是在3D情况下），以及是否或在何种条件下发生锁定。为此，我们利用第一阶段建立的壁型大涡模拟方法，扩展到通过移动网格公式来引入结构的运动和变形。这些高阶方法的效率允许比先前报道的模拟显著增加跨域长度。作为进一步的子目标，我们使用这种方法来澄清与阶段1相比，这些振动调制尾流-尾翼相互作用的程度。为此，我们与子项目合作伙伴进行了从机翼到水平稳定器的整个相互作用链的耦合AZDES-LES模拟，包括振动。我们描述了振动对整体尺度的影响。因此，整个项目的目标是详细了解结构振动调制自助餐的基本物理原理，并将这些发现转移到自助餐-尾流-尾翼的作用链。

High-speed stall occurs at the upper edge of the flight envelope. It is characterized by a cyclic movement of the compression shock (so-called buffet phenomenon) and an associated flow separation. The resulting unsteady wing wake can hit the downstream horizontal tail plane and induce unwanted flow conditions and structural loads. This results in a complex, nonlinear chain of effects over a wide range of turbulent scales. The physical interpretation and numerical prediction of these coupled interactions remain challenging. In addition, during the measurements performed in Phase 1 on the XRF-1 configuration at ETW and on the fundamental experiment in the Trisonic wind tunnel at AIA, structural vibrations were observed, some of them significant. Their influence has not been considered in analysis and numerics so far. It is known that, depending on the frequency relation, a modulation of the buffet can occur. This additional influence increases the complexity of the chain of action buffet - wake - horizontal tail plane. Therefore, the goal of this research project is to contribute to the understanding of the interaction of wing wake and flow at the horizontal tail plane, taking into account the influence of structural vibrations. To this end, we first investigate the effects of vibrations on the buffet at the wing. We plan a structured progressive measurement and simulation campaign on the fundamental experiment, where TP5 is responsible for the simulative side. This strategy will allow us to clarify the mutual influences of geometric factors (sweep angle, span) and vibrations. Numerically, the individual effects (with and without vibrations) can be decoupled and considered separately. The basic question here is whether and how structural vibrations modulate buffet (especially in the 3D case) and whether or under which conditions a lock-in occurs. For this purpose, we make use of the in phase 1 established method of wall-modeled large-eddy simulation, extended to introduce the structural motions and deformations through a moving-grid formulation. The efficiency of these high-order methods allows for a significant increase in spanwise domain length over previously reported simulations. As a further sub-objective, we use this methodology to clarify the extent to which these vibrations modulate wake-tailplane interactions compared to Phase 1. For this purpose, we perform coupled AZDES-LES simulations of the overall interaction chain from wing to horizontal stabilizer including vibrations with our subproject partners. We characterize the influence of the vibrations on the overall scale.The overall project goal is thus to contribute to a detailed understanding of the basic physics of the modulation of buffet by structural vibrations and to transfer these findings to the buffet - wake - tailplane chain of action.