Influence of high switching frequencies employing wide band gap semiconductors on encoderless control schemes

对“可再生能源”的社会剧变要求对已知概念进行部分重新评估。在电力电子领域，“新型”半导体材料（如碳化硅和氮化镓）的使用对实现能源效率的进一步提高具有重要影响。对于低、中功率驱动，碳化硅开关将取代目前使用的基于硅技术的开关。除了提高能源效率之外，这也使得它可以在硅基技术无法达到的环境温度下使用。其中一个应用是电动汽车。电动汽车的高安全性要求往往伴随着安全相关领域的冗余。这里的一个重要组成部分是电机节能控制所需的位置传感器。通过无位置传感器控制，可以在软件端实现冗余，或者可以完全替换物理编码器。近年来，无位置传感器控制在基础研究中受到了广泛的关注，特别是与各类同步电机的无位置传感器控制有关。然而，到目前为止，还没有研究将高开关频率的半导体开关与无位置传感器控制结合使用。因此，我们建议从根本上对此进行调查。目的是研究同步电机的无位置传感器控制与使用现代基于fpga的控制器架构的碳化硅逆变器相结合。为了实现这一目标，将设计并制造一种基于碳化硅的逆变器。这是将要进行的调查的基础。此外，如何优化电机以抑制增加的开关频率的不利影响的问题将被研究。机器的优化和制造将与南非斯泰伦博斯大学合作进行。研究的第三个方面是无位置传感器控制本身的算法。这是本次调查的重点。在其他算法中，还使用了“任意注入”算法。这是在申请人所在的研究所开发的。该算法具有与测量信号基本无关的特点。项目完成后，申请中更详细描述的大多数问题将被审查。此外，可以预期的是，可以获得的知识，一般可以应用于位置无传感器控制。

The social upheaval towards "renewable energies" demands the partial re-evaluation of known concepts. In power electronics, the influence of the use of "novel" semiconductor materials, such as silicon carbide and gallium nitride, is of great importance in order to achieve a further increase in energy efficiency. For low and medium power drives, silicon carbide switches will replace the silicon technology-based switches used nowadays. In addition to increasing energy efficiency, this also makes it possible to be used at ambient temperatures that cannot be achieved with silicon-based technology. One application would be electromobility. The high safety requirements in electromobility are often accompanied by redundancies in safety-relevant areas. An important component here is the position sensor required for the energy-efficient control of electrical machines. With position sensorless control, a redundancy can be achieved on software side or the physical encoder can be completely be replaced. In recent years, much attention has been paid to position sensorless control in fundamental research, especially in connection with all types of synchronous machines. So far, however, no research has been conducted into the use of semiconductor switches with a high switching frequency in conjunction with position sensorless control. We therefore propose to investigate this fundamentally. The aim is to investigate the position sensorless control of synchronous machines in conjunction with a silicon carbide inverter using a modern FPGA-based controller architecture. To make this possible, a silicon carbide-based inverter will be designed and built. This forms the basis of the investigations that will take place. Furthermore, the question of how the electrical machine can be optimized in order to suppress adverse influences of the increased switching frequencies will be investigated. The optimization and manufacturing of a machine will take place in cooperation with University of Stellenbosch, South Africa. The third aspect of the investigations is the algorithm of the position sensorless control itself. This is the main focus of the investigation. Among other algorithms, the "Arbitrary Injection" algorithm is also used. This was developed at the applicant's institute. This algorithm is characterized by its fundamental independence from the used measurement signal. After completion of the project, the majority of the questions described in more detail in the application will be examined. Furthermore, it is to be expected that knowledge can be gained that can generally be applied to position sensorless control.