Managing biodiversity in forests and urban green spaces : Dilution and amplification effects on rodent microbiomes and rodent-borne diseases

我们的项目旨在通过整合近年来强调的重点研究方向：季节和多年动态的影响，以及同时考虑宿主、微生物组和多种病原体多样性水平，来阐明生物多样性与疾病的关系。我们将重点关注啮齿动物传播疾病在欧洲温带森林和城市绿地的动态。长期以来，啮齿类动物一直被认为是人畜共患病病原体的重要宿主；森林和绿地是啮齿动物丰富的环境，人类/家庭-野生动物相互作用可能发生，并努力保护生物多样性。通过小型哺乳动物取样和大型病原体和微生物群落调查，我们将建立一个最新的、开放的、全面的、在西欧和中欧国家流行的啮齿动物传播的病原体数据库。生态流行病学方法将增强我们对微生物相互作用和影响啮齿动物种群中病原体传播过程的理解。此外，我们将根据我们的数据建立数学模型，分析时空尺度以及病原体/微生物组相互作用对生物多样性与疾病之间关系的影响。景观指标的影响，如连通性和森林碎片的大小也将被模拟。目的是预测生物保护策略对人畜共患病原体暴发的流行病学模式可能产生的影响。在整个项目中，社会学家将处于合作伙伴互动的核心，帮助他们与相关利益相关者建立跨学科合作，并与后者设计有效的知识交流。由此产生的数据将用于改进疾病预防政策，开展生物多样性管理战略和疾病预防工作，这些工作的方法和目标往往不一致，包括所有利益攸关方积极参与的监测、培训和提高认识运动。总的来说，这个项目将提供概念证明，公共卫生和保护生物学项目之间的联合战略可以帮助防止人畜共患病病原体的出现。

Our project aims at elucidating the relationship between biodiversity and diseases by integrating recently emphasized key research directions: influence of seasonal and multi-annual dynamics, and the simultaneous consideration of host, microbiome and multiple pathogen diversity levels. We will focus on dynamics of rodent-borne diseases in European temperate forests and urban green spaces. Rodents have long been recognized as important reservoirs of zoonotic agents; forests and green spaces are environments where rodents are abundant, human/domestic-wildlife interactions are plausible to occur, and efforts are undertaken to preserve biodiversity.Using small mammal sampling and large pathogen and microbiome community investigation, we will establish an up-to-date, open, comprehensive database of rodent-borne pathogens circulating in western-central European countries. Eco-epidemiological approaches will enhance our understanding of microbial interactions and the processes that influence pathogen transmission in rodent populations.Besides, we will develop mathematical models based on our data to analyse the influence of spatiotemporal scales as well as pathogen/microbiome interactions on the relationships between biodiversity and diseases. Effects of landscape metrics, such as connectivity and size of forest fragments will also be modelled. The aim is to forecast what could be the impact of biological conservation strategies on epidemiological patterns of zoonotic pathogens outbreaks.Throughout the project, sociologists will be at the core of partners interactions to help them establishing transdisciplinary collaborations with relevant stakeholders and designing effective knowledge exchanges with these latter. Resulting data will be used to improve disease prevention policies by working on biodiversity management strategies as well as desease prevention, which often had incongruent methods and aims, including surveillance, training and awareness campaigns with active participation of all stakeholders. Overall, this project will provide proof-of-concept that joint strategies between public health and conservation biology programs can help to prevent emergence of zoonotic pathogens.