Behavioral and Physiological Study of Individual Discrimination in Animals.

鸽子的研究表明，在区分鸽子和老鼠之后，鸽子对哺乳动物和鸽子进行了分类，而在鸽子和鹌鹑区分之后，它们没有指出这种分类。2)接受过区分鸽子和鹌鹑的训练的受试者区分了鸽子和其他鸟类，但进行了鸽子对鸽子任务的训练的鸽子没有表现出这种分类。3)鸽子可以区分不同鸽子的头部部分，但它们对头部打乱的部分没有反应。4)当使用活鸽子作为辨别刺激时，受试者可以学习这项任务，并注意到刺激鸟的头部。5)外纹状体损毁导致个体辨别缺陷，但不影响同种辨别。1)小鼠可以在Y迷宫中学习个体辨别。2)使用改进的条件性位置偏爱范式，小鼠可以快速学习个体、兄弟姐妹和群体辨别。3)小鼠在偏好测试中没有表现出明显的母亲识别？4)小鼠能够区分不同个体的嗅觉刺激，但其他线索也可用于区分活体小鼠。

Studies in pigeons1) Pigeons showed categorization of mammals vs aves after discrimination between a pigeon and a rat, while they did not indicate such categorization after pigeon vs quail discrimination.2) The subjects which had been trained on discrimination between pigeon vs quail discriminated pigeons and other birds, but pigeons trained on pigeon vs pigeon task did not show such classification.3) Pigeons could discriminate head parts of different, pigeons but they did not respond to the scrambled parts of head.4) When live pigeons were used as discriminative stimuli, the subjects could learn this task and attended to the head parts of the stimulus birds.5) The ectostriatal lesions caused deficits in individual discrimination but did not in conspecifi discrimination. Damages to the ectostriatum also resulted in deficits in the pigeon's face discrimination.Studies in Mice.1) Mice could learn individual discrimination in Y-maze.2) Using a modified conditioned place preference paradigm, mice quickly learn individual, sibling and colony discrimination.3) Infant mice did not indicate a clear mother recognition in a preference test? but showed a clear discrimination after the conditioning.4) Mice could discriminate olfactory stimuli of different individuals, but other cues were also used for discrimination of live mice.