Experimental Phenomenological Studies on Perpetual Organization

本研究计划从实验现象学和格式塔心理学的角度描述各种形式的知觉现象，并对其基本原理进行实验检验，进而提出一种普遍的、排他性的知觉组织理论。并考察了描述性方法和现象学方法在知觉研究中的现代理论和方法论意义。我们从各种实验结果中得出的论点在科学学会的国际研讨会和圆桌会议上得到了积极的介绍和讨论。通过对视觉运动、现象透明、视觉分层、知觉对比度、听觉流分离、事件知觉等不同现象的实验结果，对传统理论，特别是格式塔原理在知觉组织中应用的有效性和局限性进行了详细的检验，并根据包括听觉经验在内的几种现象的新发现进行了部分修正。这些研究已经发表在技术期刊上，并在科学学会上发表。即使本项目中讨论的现象不是必要的新现象，也需要进一步的重新审查，如G.Kanizsa的演示(1980)所示。如今，虽然描述性分析的重要性得到了普遍认可，但大多数研究人员似乎对生理模型或计算模型感兴趣。因此，应该注意的是，这些感性研究的方法有进入古典科学主义或简化论的风险。总之，我们强调，心理学中对知觉的研究必须更多地是描述性的和经验性的，而不是生理或物理的。

The present project was planned to describe the perceptual phenomena in various modalities and to examine experimentally the underlying principles from view point of the experimental phenomenology and Gestalt psychology, and then to propose a general and exclusive theory of perceptual organization. And also the modern theoretical and methodological significance of descriptive and phenomenological approaches in study of perception was examined. Our argument derived from various experimental results was presented and discussed actively in international symposium and round table conferences in scientific societies. These two problems, theoretical or methodological examination and experimental evidence, have been treated equally in our project.Through the results of experiments in different phenomena such as visual motion, phenomenal transparency, visual stratification, perceptual contrast, auditory stream segregation, and event perceptions including perception of "wind", the traditional theories, especially the validity and the limits of application of Gestalt principles in perceptual organization, were examined minutely and then partially revised along new findings in several phenomena including some auditory experiences. These studies have been published in the technical journals and presented in scientific societies.Even through the phenomena taken up in the present project are not necessary new ones, further reexamination is required as shown by G. Kanizsa's demonstrations (1980). Nowadays, while the importance of descriptive analysis is generally recognized, most of researchers seem to be interested in physiological models or computational models. Therefore, it should be taken heed that these approaches to perceptual research run a risk getting into the classical scientism or the reductionism. In conclusion we stressed that the study of perception in psychology must be more descriptive and experiential but not physiological or physical.