A Developmental Study on Teaching and Evaluation of the SEIKATSYU-KA(the Environmental Study)

1.本研究旨在通过一系列的调查和研究活动，利用Seikatsu-Ka的一个主题，在制定教学计划、教学、检验所获得的信息以改进课堂教学的过程中，通过教学与评价相结合的方式，对评价应该是什么这一主题有了新的认识。这项研究是在1992-93年六所小学的合作下进行的。以二年级《让我们保持小动物》为一个18学时的单元，运用R.E.Stake的面容模型作为方法框架，结合对教师的访谈，对六所学校中的一所学校的五个学期的课堂教学过程进行了记录和分析。研究结果汇编成一份147页的报告。主要研究结果如下：(1)精品家教课堂教学的重点在于将学生的活动和经验组织成问题解决类型。(2)通过教师对教学情景与实际教学的差距的考察，寻求课堂教学的改进，以寻求教师对小学生的兴趣、意志、态度和思维、表达、意识如何拓宽和深化的判断。(3)“面容模式”有助于小学生评价，旨在实现教学与评价的一体化。尤其是因为它引导教师反思自己，并给他的教学风格提供了改进的机会。

1. This study is intended to gain a new knowledge on the theme of what evaluation should be by way of integration of teaching with evaluation through a series of survey and research activities, by use of a subject of the SEIKATSU-KA, in building of a teaching plan, teaching, examinations of information gained towards the improvement of class teaching.2. The study was evolved with the collaboration of six elementary schools in 1992-93. Taking an 18-school hour unit of Grade 2 "Lets keep Small Creatures" , class teaching processes were recorded and analyzed for five school periods at one of the six schools by use of R.E.Stake's "Countenance Model" as a methodological frame, together with interviews with the instructor concerned. Outcomes of the study were compiled into a 147-pages report.3. Major findings are as follows :(1) Point of importance in conducting class teaching of the SEIKATSU-KA lie in organizing pupils' activities and experiences into a problem-solving type.(2) Through the instructor's examinations of gaps between a teaching scenario and actual teaching, the improvement of class teaching may be seeked for the instructor's judgment on the point of how pupils' interest, volition, attitudes on one hand and thinking, expression, awareness on the other are widened and deepened.(3) "Countenance Model" is useful for pupil evaluation aiming at integration of teaching with evaluation, especially because it leads the instructor to reflect himself and give the opportunity for improvement of his teraching style.