GRASP OF HEAT AND WATER VAPOR TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS BASED ON MEASUREMENTS OF TURBULENT FLOW IN SPACE OUTSIDE BUILDINGS

今年的目标是准确掌握建筑屋顶上的空气流动和感热通量和潜热通量的真实状态，以下三个主题；大气湍流特征、感热通量与水平风速的关系、潜热通量与水平风速的关系。对于空气湍流，以水平风速平均值的湍流分量为横坐标，以垂直风速的湍流分量为纵坐标，分别在屋顶上方1.8m和3m处区分出水平分量，表明建筑形式对气流的影响。在6米高处，水平分量与垂直分量相当，这表明建筑的影响减小了。在气流和感心通量方面，在1.8m、3m和6m高度，感热通量在夜间值较小。白天感热随风速的增加而增加，每h的回归线相互重合，说明风速与感热通量的关系与屋面高度无关。在气流和潜热通量方面，白天6m高潜热通量随风速在0 ~ 2.5m/s范围内增大。在1.8m和3m高度，风速与潜热通量之间没有明显的关系，这表明在屋顶以上的低、中层，潜热通量直接受屋顶表面的影响，而在高层，潜热通量受建筑形式周围环境的影响。结论如下：(1)屋面以上6m处气流方向性减弱。夜间气流的乱流较弱。(2)感热通量随水平风速增大而增大。(3)在6m高度，潜热通量随风速的增大而增大，但在1.8m和3m高度，潜热通量与水平风速的关系不大。少

The objective of this year was to grasp exactly real state of air flow and sensible and latent heat fluxes above a roof of building following three subjects ; characteristics of air turbulence, relation between sensible heat flux and horizontal air velocity, and relation between latent heat flux and horizontal air velocity. Concerning air turbulence, taking turbulet component for average of horizontal air velocity as abscissa and turbulent component for vertical air velocity as ordinate, at both 1.8m and 3m high above the roof horizontal component was distinguished, that showing influence of building form on the air flow. At 6m high horizontal component was equivalent to vertical component, which indicated reduced effect of the building.Regarding air flow and sensible heart flux, sensible heat flux showed small value at night every heights of 1.8m, 3m and 6m. In the daytime sensible heat rised according to increase in air velocity and the regression line was coincident mutually every h … More eight, which implied that the relation of air ve locity and sensible heat flux was not dependent on the height above the roof.About air flow and latent heat flux, in the daytime at 6m high latent heat flux was increased according to air velocity under the range of 0 to 2.5m/s. At both heights of 1.8m and 3m clear relation between air velocity and latent heat flux was not found, which showed that at low and middle levels above the roof latent heat flux was directly influenced with the surface of the roof and at high level it was effected by the surroundings of building form.Concluding remarks were as follows : (1) Directionality of air flow was diminished at 6m high above the roof of building. At night turbulence of air flow was weak. (2) Sensible heat flux was increased according to horizontal air velocity. (3) Latent heat flux was increased with rise of air velocity at 6m high, but at both heigts of 1.8m and 3m there were little relation between latent heat flux and horizontal air velocity. Less