Researches in Formation of Urban Temperature

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There are several factors forming an urban temperature. In this research, firstly it was investigated how an urban air temperature was estimated based on meteorological data. An urban air temperature was forecasted statistically using meteorological data and data of anthropological heat. In addition, an analysis on an urban effect was performed based on field measurements and meteorological data. Secondly, a characteristic of sensible and latent heat transfer through vegetation was researched. This research was mainly based on a numerical analysis. Models of turbulence and radiation transfer within vegetation were investigated. These models constitute a heat and water budget model within vegetation which is necessary to a research of a heat transfer characteristic through vegetation. Thirdly, a heat transfer characteristic on an urban surface was researched which affects directly an urban temperature formation. Heat transfers on roof top, wall surface and ground were analyzed based on a field measurement. Besides, a heat transfer within an urban canyon was investigated using a field measurement and a numerical analysis.The following was revealed through the above mentioned researches : It became possible to forecast rises due to anthropological heat of air temperatures of major cites in Japan. A characteristic of a heat transfer on an urban surface was understood. A vegetation heat transfer model effective to a numerical analysis was presented. Our understanding became deeper concerning an urban effect which affects a temperature rise in an urban area.