Researches in Formation of Urban Temperature

有几个因素形成了城市温度。在本研究中，首先探讨如何根据气象资料来估计一个城市的气温。利用气象资料和人类学热量资料，对某城市气温进行了统计预测。此外，根据实地测量和气象数据，对城市效应进行了分析。其次，研究了感热和潜热通过植被的输送特性。本研究主要是基于数值分析。研究了湍流和辐射在植被中传输的模型。这些模型构成了植被内热量和水分收支模型，这是研究植被传热特性所必需的。第三，研究了直接影响城市温度形成的地表传热特性。在现场实测的基础上，分析了屋面、墙体表面和地面的传热情况。此外，在城市峡谷内的热传递进行了调查，使用现场测量和数值分析。通过上述研究揭示了以下内容：它成为可能的预测上升，由于人类学热的空气温度的主要城市在日本。了解了城市地表热传递的特点。提出了一种适用于数值分析的植被传热模型。我们对影响城市地区温度上升的城市效应的理解更加深入。

There are several factors forming an urban temperature. In this research, firstly it was investigated how an urban air temperature was estimated based on meteorological data. An urban air temperature was forecasted statistically using meteorological data and data of anthropological heat. In addition, an analysis on an urban effect was performed based on field measurements and meteorological data. Secondly, a characteristic of sensible and latent heat transfer through vegetation was researched. This research was mainly based on a numerical analysis. Models of turbulence and radiation transfer within vegetation were investigated. These models constitute a heat and water budget model within vegetation which is necessary to a research of a heat transfer characteristic through vegetation. Thirdly, a heat transfer characteristic on an urban surface was researched which affects directly an urban temperature formation. Heat transfers on roof top, wall surface and ground were analyzed based on a field measurement. Besides, a heat transfer within an urban canyon was investigated using a field measurement and a numerical analysis.The following was revealed through the above mentioned researches : It became possible to forecast rises due to anthropological heat of air temperatures of major cites in Japan. A characteristic of a heat transfer on an urban surface was understood. A vegetation heat transfer model effective to a numerical analysis was presented. Our understanding became deeper concerning an urban effect which affects a temperature rise in an urban area.