The chigyo system and the finance of kunin in the Edo Period.

江户初期的“千行制”的实质是“千行制”，汉各地方或地区的千行都被组织到“千行制”中。关于这一点，我想指出如下几点：首先，作为规定大名与其封臣之间的法律的和财政关系的“费”的基本方面，我们必须强调这一制度的灵活性。此时，古代的费用估算值达卡（Daka）已经失去了实际效用，变成了理论上的或名义上的费用估算值。因此，可以称之为“达卡的形式主义”。另一方面，社会在理性上需要一种替代性的、实用的费用估算方法，即所谓的“mononari”。第二个重要的观点是，大名政权对chigyo（费用）的转移揭示了这两种费用估算的矛盾，这种领域政治对改变“gigata-chigyo-system”的内容具有真正的影响。当每个汉朝的大名不断地改变其封臣甚至封臣成员的行政区时，这种政治使他们直观地认识到古代大伽与真实的可观收入之间的差异。它也使他们对“mononari系统”感兴趣，这可能能够协调价值问题。同样重要的是，这一规定和由此产生的心态将有利于维持两个封建政党之间的个人联系。从此以后，大名要进行藩地的转移，就不能忽视这种差异，必须将虚构的“大卡”与真实的“金融物”之间的法律的计算关系正式化。

It is true that the essence of the "gigata-chigyo-system" (tiho-chigyo-sei) in the Early Edo Period is the "mononarizume-chigyo" (mononarizume-chigyo) and the each local or reginal chigyo of Hans (Han) will be organized into the latter institution. concerning this I would point out as follows.First, as the fundamental aspect of Chigyo (fee) stipulating the legal and financial relations between Daimyo (Daimyo) and his vassals (kasin), we have to stress the flexibilty of this system. By this time, the Daka (Daka)、ancient estimated value of fee, has lost its practical efficiency and has been changed into a theoretical or nominal one. So one may call it the "formalism of Daka". One the other hands, the society, rationally, will want an alternative practical method of estimation in fee, that is so called here "mononari".We can argue as the second important point, in my view, that the transference of chigyo (fee) by the Daimyo power reveals the contradicts of these two estimations of fee and that this politics on domain has a veritable effect to change the contents of "gigata-chigyo-system". while the Daimyo of each Han repeatedly changes the administrate districs of his vassals and even the members of vassals, this politics makes them visually recognize the difference between the ancient Daka and the real substantial revenue. And it slao interests them in the "mononari-system" that may be able to harmonize the problem of value. It is also significant that this regulation and the resultant mentality would have done good in maintaining the personal connections between two feudal parties. From this time on, if the Daimyo would perform the transference of vassals' domains, he can not ignore the difference so that he will formalize the legal calculating relation between the fictional Daka and the really financial "mononari".