QUANTITATIVE STUDY ON PASSIVE COOLING METHODS IN HOT AND HUMID AREAS

在本研究中，我们考察了不同的被动降温方式，如降温管、外百叶窗和覆土屋顶的降温效果。在第二章，研究了降温管对住宅的影响。熊本市的一个试验室里安装了两个冷却管。通过比较只使用一根冷却管时的室温，可以清楚地看出冷却管的作用。编制了模拟热工性能的计算机程序，并将计算结果与实测值进行了比较，验证了程序的准确性。利用该程序对百叶窗的通风深度、通风量等影响因素进行了参数分析。第三章讨论了外百叶窗的节能问题。制作了一种测量遮光系数的装置。利用该装置对两种外百叶窗和一种内百叶窗进行了测量。这些试验的结果被输入空调负荷的计算机程序(HASP/8001)。通过比较办公建筑内、外百叶窗的冷负荷，明确了外百叶窗的节能效果。第四章研究了土壤和草坪覆盖屋面的节能效果。首先。制作了四种屋面模型，并对这些屋面模型的热性能进行了测试。编制了模拟草坪和土壤热工性能的计算机程序，并通过测量结果验证了程序的准确性。将该程序与另一个程序PSSP相结合，对一栋普通混凝土屋面和草坪土覆盖屋面顶层的冷、热荷载进行了分析。在九州和冲绳等炎热地区，草坪土壤覆盖的屋顶有望节省能源。

In this study, the effects of various passiv e cooling motheds, such as cooling tubes, exterior blinds and soil-lawn covered roofs were examined.In Chapter 2, the effcets of cooling tubes on dwellings wereinvestigted. Two cooling tubes were installed in a test house in Kumamoto City. The effects of cooling tubes were made clear by comparing the room temperatures when only one tube was used. A computer program simulating the thermal performance was developed and the preciseness of the program was verified by comparing the calulated results with measured ones. Using this program, parametric analyzes on influencs of depth, ventilation rate ect.were conducted.In Chapter 3, energy savings by exterior blinds were discussed. An apparatus measuring the shading coefficient of shades were made. With this equipment, two kinds of exterior blinds and one kind of interior blind were measured. The results from these tests were input into a computer program (HASP/8001) for air-conditioning loads. By comparing the cooling loads of office buildings with exterior and interior blinds, the energy saving of exterior blinds were made clear.In Chapter 4, energy savings by soil and lawn cover roofs were investigated. Firstly. four kinds of roof models were manu-fectured and thermal performance of these roof models was measured. A computer program simulating the thermal performance of lawn and soil was developed and its preciseness was verified by measured results. By combining this program and another one called PSSP,cooling and heating loads of the top story of a building with common concret roofs and lawn-soil covered roof were analyzed. The energy savings of lawn-soil covered roof can be expected in hot areas like Kyushu and Okinawa.