Study on Rapid Degradation and Utilization of Plant and Animal Wastes for Environment Preservation

蒸汽爆破是动植物废弃物资源化利用的有效预处理方法之一。实验研究了蒸汽爆破对动植物废弃物的改性效果。采用高压蒸汽（2.55，3.04，3.53和4.51 MPa）处理0.5 ~ 20 min，将爆破产物分离为水溶性半纤维素、综纤维素、醇溶性木质素和Klason木质素。从pH值、浸出物含量和酶解糖化等方面研究了蒸汽爆破对爆破产物特性的影响。随着醇溶木质素含量的增加，纤维素的酶促糖化作用增强，且纤维素的孔径分布对纤维素的酶促糖化作用有一定的影响。通过蒸汽爆破，在爆破产物中形成具有各种直径的用于酶糖化的新孔。比较了两种培养物中的酶水解和乙醇生产率：两步酶糖化和发酵的液体培养物，以及糖化和发酵的同时培养物。根据这些培养的结果，证实了糖化和发酵的同时培养对于从爆破产物生产酒精最有效。以爆破产物的醇溶木质素为原料合成了木质素环氧树脂。结果表明，木质素型环氧树脂比双酚A型环氧树脂更易热硬化，热稳定性更好。

Steam explosion is one of the effective pretreatment methods for the utilization of plant and animal wastes. Effects of steam explosion on the modification of plant and animal wastes were atudied experimentally. Wastes were treated with high-pressure steam (2.55,3.04,3.53 and 4.51 MPa) for 0.5-20 min. The exploded product was separated into water-soluble hemicellulose, holocellulose, methanol-soluble lignin and Klason lignin. The effects of steam explosion on the characteristics of the exploded product were studied from experimental data on pH,amounts of extractive components and enzymatic saccharification. The enzymatic saccharification increased with increasing amounts of methanol-soluble lignin, and was affected by the pore size distribution. New pores for enzymatic saccharification were formed with a variety of diameters in the exploded product by the steam explosion. The enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol productivity were compared in two cultures : a liquid culture of enzymatic saccharification and fermentation in two steps, and a simultaneous culture of saccharification and fermentation. From the results of these cultures, it was confirmed that the simultaneous culture of saccharification and fermentation was the most effective for producing alchol from the exploded product. The lignin epoxy resin was synthesized from methanolsoluble lignin of exploded product. It was found that the lignin epoxy resin was more easily heat hardened and heat stable than the epoxy resin of bisphenol A.