Research on senior high schools in cities specially designated by the government ordinance in the period of school-aged population decrease

1. （一）政令特定市与州的教育权限关系部分由法律、法令规定，并依其行使权限，但政令特定市与州在学制、课程、教育、教育、教育等方面的实际权限关系。“避免相互冗余”（《地方政府法》第二条第二款）的具体讨论方式因城市而异。(2)尽管这些讨论受到普遍接受的观点的影响，即建立高中基本上是地级市的事情，但根据城市类型的不同，讨论的方式也有所不同。大都市区中心城市（本研究中为大阪和名古屋）的县-市关系类型为<隔阂-稳定>，大都市区非中心城市（京都和神户）的县-市关系类型为<隔阂-不稳定>，而地区首府（仙台和广岛）的县-市关系类型为<和谐-稳定>。这一趋势在关于高中制度改革的讨论中得到了体现。高中体制改革的观点、明确的政策和实际情况(1)各城市根据《第十四届中央教育委员会报告》提出的改革观点，根据其明确的政策，重点建设各具特色的高中课程、课程和子课程。城市在改革时期和优先模式方面存在差异，一般来说，它们受到公民关切、学校政策和城市管理以及市立学校历史的影响。(2)地级市在综合课程、认证制度等改革方面走在城市的前面，但没有一个城市开始改革。只有少数城市研究了与即将到来的长期学龄人口减少相适应的高中体制改革的可能性。附详细的年表和参考书目。少

1. The status-quo and history of establishment and administration of senior high schools in cities specially designated by the government ordinance(1) Some part of competence relation on education between cities specially disignated by the government ordinance and prefectures is prescribed by laws and ordinances, according to which authority is exercised, but actual competence relations between cities specially designated by the government ordinance and prefectures on school system, curriculum, and facilities and equipment of municipal senior high schools in such cities depends on cities : Concrete ways of discussion to 'avoid mutual redundancy' (Clause 2, Article 2 of Local Government Law) vary from city to city. (2) Though those discussions are influenced by the generally accepted idea that establishment of high school is basically prefectural matters, the differences in ways of discussion are found in accordance with types of cities. The types of prefecture-municipality relation are … More <estranged-stable> in central cities in metropolitan zones (Osaka and Nagoya in this research) , <estranged-instable> in non-central cities in metropolitan zones (Kyoto and and Kobe) , and <harmonized-stable> in district capitals (Sendai and Hiroshima). This tendency is observed in discussions on system reform of senior high schools.2. Viewpoints, definite policies, and practical conditions of system reform of senior high schools(1) In each city, establishment of senior high schools, courses, and sub-courses with distinguishing characteristic is much emphasized according to its definite policy based on reform viewpoints suggested by The Report of the 14th Central Education Council. Variation in cities is observed in reform period and priority patterns and, generally speaking, they are influenced by concerns of citizens, school policies and administration of the cities, and pre-histories of municipal schools. (2) Prefectures are ahead of cities in reforms such as introcuction of comprehensive courses and accrediting system and none of the cities has set about those reforms. (3) Only a few cities have studied possibility of system reform of high schools corresponding to the coming long period of school-aged population decrease.3. Detailed chronological table and bibliography are appended. Less