GEOCHEMICAL APPROACH FOR THE METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA AFFECTED TO TRANSPORT AND REMOVAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SUBSTANCES OVER OPEN OCEANS

东亚有许多大型污染源，其排放的污染物可以通过北太平洋的大片区域输送。为了确定这种输送的特征，自1990年以来，我们从日本札幌市和其他地点收集了一系列每周的气溶胶样本和总沉降物样本。还利用太平洋考察船委员会每天收集海洋气溶胶样本。对样品进行了非海盐(NSS)硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铍-7的分析。铍-7是一种由宇宙射线在高层大气中产生的天然放射性核素(半衰期为53.3天)。在西北太平洋地区，这三种物质的大气浓度之间存在一定的相关性。这一关系并不意味着NSS硫酸盐和硝酸盐的来源是平流层，但它确实表明，人为的NSS硫酸盐和硝酸盐是从自由对流层带到海洋边界层的，就像亚洲沙尘粒子一样。与日本群岛上空大气氮的日沉积通量40-200摩尔/m~2相比，北太平洋大气氮的日沉降通量估计为10-30摩尔/m~2/m~2是相当小的。然而，零星的事件加上来自大陆的氮物种的远距离运输，可能会对海洋生物活动产生重大影响。

Eastern Asia contains many large pollution sources whose emissions could be transported over large areas of the North Pacific. In order to characterized this transport we have collected a series of weekly aerosol samples and total deposition samples from Sapporo and other sites in Japan since 1990. Marine aerosol samples were also collected on a daily basis using the board of research vessels in the Pacific. The samples were analyzed for non-sea-salt (nss) sulfate, nitrate, and beryllium-7 which is a natural radionuclide (53.3 day half-life) produced by cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere.A certain correlation among the atmospheric concentrations of the three species is found in the western North Pacific region. This relation does not imply that the sources of the nss sulfate and nitrate are the stratosphere, but it does suggest that anthropogenic nss sulfate and nitrate are brought down from the free troposphere to the marine boundary layr like the Asian dust particles.Compared with the deposition flux of atmospheric nitrogen of the 40-200 mumol per square meter per day over the Japan islands, the estimated flux of atmospheric nitrogen of 10-30 mumol per square meter per day in the North Pacific is rather small. However, sporadic events coupled with the long-range transport of the nitrogen species from the continents could have a significant impact on marine biological activities.