Genetic analysis of isozyme and molecular markers in horticultural crops and its application to chromosome identification

利用10个同工酶和52个分子标记构建了甘蓝型油菜(2n=20，aa)的遗传连锁图谱。它由10个连锁群组成，与单倍体染色体构成的数目相同。在该连锁图谱上，定位了抽苔期、叶片形态、叶片毛羽和自交不亲和性等形态生理性状的基因。与同工酶标记GOT-1和Pox-3紧密连锁的抽苔时间基因被发现与长光周期条件有关。另一方面，在黑菜型油菜(2n=16，Bb)中，发现5个同工酶带区受单基因座的等位基因控制。基于本研究中确定的同工酶和分子标记，可以在图谱上定位有用性状的基因并对每条染色体进行鉴定。通过二倍体与四倍体杂交，获得了三倍体植株。利用同工酶和分子标记技术对大葱属9个栽培品种进行了分类，明确了它们之间的亲缘关系。为了定位分子标记，还以普通小麦的rDNA为探针，在大麦染色体上进行了原位杂交。胎生菌和乳酸菌的研究。杂交区域的大小和杂交染色体的形态在所观察的物种之间是不同的。非整倍体的分析将使用随机扩增多态性DNA标记和rDNA，这些非整倍体将来自双二倍体品系Seitakanegi与其亲本A.fiulosum的杂交。

In Brassica campestris (2n=20, AA), a linkage map was constructed with 10 isozyme and 52 molecular (RAPD) markers. It was consisted of ten linkage groups which is the same to the number of haploid chromosome constitution. On the linkage map, genes for morphological and physiological characters such as bolting time, leaf morphology, leaf hairiness and self-incompatibility, were localized. Genes for bolting time which were closely linked to the isozyme marker, Got-1 and Pox-3, were found to be responsible to long photoperid condition. On the other hand, in B.nigra (2n=16, BB), five isozyme band regions were found to be controlled by the alleles of single loci. Based on the isozyme and molecular markers identified in the present study, localization of genes for useful characters on the map and identification of each chromosome can be performed. By crossing diploid species to tetraploid ones, triploid plants were obtained. Aneuploids having alien chromosomes will be produced and identified by using isozyme and molecular markers.In the genus Allium, classification of nine cultivars of A.fistulosum were carried out by using RAPD markers and their phylogenetic relationships were clarified. In order to localize molecular markers, in situ hybridization was also carried out using rDNA of common wheat as the probe on the chromosomes of A.fistulosum, A.fistulosum var. viviparum and A.schoenoprasum. Sizes of the regions hybridized and morphology of the chromosomes hybridized were different among the species observed. RAPD markers as well as rDNA will be applied for analysis of aneuploids which will be derived from the cross between 'Seitakanegi', an amphidiploid line, and its parent A.fistulosum.