Characterization of chicken complement and its application for complement fixation reaction

为研究补体在鸡体内的生物学意义，建立了鸡补体活性测定体系，建立了鸡抗体补体结合试验，并对补体在禽流感病毒感染中的作用进行了研究。主要研究结果如下：(1)马红细胞裂解法适用于替代途径测定补体活化。由于溶血素致敏的绵羊红细胞可以通过经典途径检测补体活化，因此建立了鸡补体两条途径的检测体系。(2)以新城疫病毒为模型体系，对补体结合试验的各种方法进行了研究。在以鸡痘病毒感染为模型的研究中，补体的选择性激活不仅参与了非特异性的早期防御机制，而且参与了致病性的表达。(4)几种禽类病毒可在没有抗体参与的情况下激活补体的替代途径。

To obtain basic informations for the study of biological significance of complement in chickens, establishment of assay system for chicken complement activity, development of complement fixation test for chicken antibody, and role of complement in infections with avian viruses were studied. The results are summarized as follows.(1) Lysis of horse red blood cells was found to be applicable to measure complement activation via alternative pathway. Since sheep red blood cells sensitized with hemolysin can be used for the assay of complement activation via classical pathway, the assay systems of both pathways of chicken complement were established.(2) By using Newcastle disease virus as a model system, various protocols of complement fixation test were examined. Problems such as an excess of complement in the assay system and effect of non-specific complement activation by some avian viruses remain to be solved.(3) In the study of fowlpox virus infection as a model., complement activation via alternative pathway was shown to be involeved not only in non-specific early defense mechanism but also in the expression of pathogenicity. (4) Several avian viruses were found to activate alternative pathway of complement without participation of antibody.