Neuropsychological research on frontal lobe function in schizophrenia: A relationship between visual cognitive context and eye movements.

本研究的目的是探讨额叶功能反映为精神分裂症患者在视觉认知任务期间记录眼球运动的“上下文更新”策略或过程。第一步，我们准备了一个将眼动引导到视觉刺激加工过程中所采用的跟踪策略的范例，并利用NAC（V型）仪器和微机（NEC、PC 9801、VM 2）设计了眼动数据的记录和分析系统。具体地说，为了探索视觉信息处理的趋势，我们新开发了计算机化的方法，通过该方法，我们可以在屏幕上检查在给定刺激模式下逐个试验或逐个受试者积累的眼动数据。在第二步中，我们进行了两种实验，在任务过程中记录眼动。16例精神分裂症门诊患者（平均年龄39。1岁）和7名正常志愿者作为研究对象。所有 ...更多信息 精神分裂症患者符合DSM-III精神分裂症的诊断标准。在实验Ⅰ中，两种模糊图形，即，以杰斯特罗的《鸭子和兔子》和波林的《年轻女人和老女人》为刺激。在这个实验I的一个条件下，被试被要求只感知每个模糊图形的一个方面。在另一种情况下，他们被要求在给定人物所唤起的两个不同图像之间进行交替，尽可能正确和快速。实验二采用Neisser视觉搜索任务，并对实验进行了修改。在这些实验之前，对所有受试者进行本顿视觉保持测试。结果发现，精神分裂症患者主要分为表现较差组和表现良好组。特别是，包括在后一组中的精神分裂症患者的几个主题进行的任务，以及正常的主题。这些结果表明，无论是额叶功能障碍还是认知功能障碍，都不应该被集体评估。少

The purpose of this study is to investigate the frontal lobe function being reflected as a strategy or a process of 'context-updating' which is performed by schizophrenics, recording eye movements during the visual cognitive tasks. In the first step, we prepared a paradigm in which eye movements can be led to tracing strategies employed in processing visual stimuli, and devised the recording and analyzing system for the data of eye movements using the appratus (NAC, model V) and micro-computer (NEC, PC9801, VM2). Specifically, in order to explore the trends of visual information processing, we newly developed the computerized method by which on a screen we can examine the data of eye movements accumulated trial by trial, or subject by subject within a given stimulus pattern. In the second step, we conducted two kinds of experiments in which eye movements were recorded during tasks. Sixteen schizophrenic outpatients (mean age 39. 1 years) and 7 normal volunteers served as subjects. All … More schizophtrenics met the diagnostic criteria of DSM-III for schizophrenic disorders. In experiment I, the two kinds of ambiguous figures, i.e., "Duck and Rabbit" drawn by Jastrow and "Young Woman and Old Women" drawn by Boring, were employed as a stimuli. In one condition of this experiment I, subjects were required to perceive only the one aspect of each of ambiguous figures. In another condition, they were instructed to make an alternation between two different images evoked by a given figure, as correctly and quickly as possible. In experiment II, we employd the Neisser's visual search task and modified for this experiment. Prior to these experiments, Benton Visual Retention Test were administered for all subjects. As a result, we found that schizophrenic patients were mainly divided into the poor-performed group and the well-perrformed group. Especially, several of the schizophrenic subjects included in the latter group performed the tasks as well as normal subjects. These results claimed that neither the frontal lobe dysfunction nor the cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenics should be assesed collectively. Less