Biochemical analysis of cell architectonics in normal and diseased brain - Quantitative analysis at the single cell level -

CNS组织的冷冻干燥切片由患有非神经系统疾病的对照患者和患有神经系统疾病的患者制备。如下所示，分离单个神经元，并从这些切片中解剖出小脑层和尾状核的微量样品。胆碱乙酰转移酶（ChAT）和谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD）的活性和<gamma>γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的浓度测定在这些样品中。在视网膜中分析GAD和GABA。视网膜退化的老鼠。(1)ALS运动神经元由于病因不明而退化，并在晚期萎缩消失。非进展期病例脊髓前角内仍有大量大的运动神经元胞体残留，进展期病例脊髓前角内可见少量萎缩、易碎的运动神经元胞体。ChAT活性远低于在其余的大细胞体比在控制细胞体。随着病变的进展，萎缩的细胞体中活性增高， ...更多信息 逻辑过程推测在萎缩的细胞体中产生更多的ChAT，这些细胞体将ChAT供应给出芽的许多轴突终末，以补偿细胞变性引起的肌肉神经支配的损失。(2)脊髓运动神经元是一种典型的胆碱能神经元，在动物体内含有谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD），而GABA被认为是一种营养因子，维持细胞功能和与肌肉的突触联系。对照组神经元含有极低的GAD活性。ALS运动神经元GAD活性无明显变化。(3)人小脑浦肯野细胞GAD活性明显低于兔和大鼠。与动物样品相比，人尾状核和小脑的分子层和颗粒层的活性也较低。提示人神经元递质合成活性普遍低于动物神经元。(4)退变视网膜的GABA能无长突细胞中GAD活性和GABE含量明显高于正常视网膜。GABA被认为是响应于变性过程的营养因子。少

Freeze-dried sections of CNS tissues were prepared from control patients with non-neurological disease and patients with neurological diseases. Single neurons, as shown below, were isolated and microsamples of cerebellar layers and caudate nucleus were dissected out from these sections. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activities and <gamma>-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration were assayed in these samples. GAD and GABA were analyzed in the retinas. from retinal-degeneration mice. (1) ALS motor neurons degenerate due to unknown etiology and atrophy to disappear at the far advanced stage. Many large cell bodies of motor neurons remained in the anterior horn of spinal cord section from non-advenced cases but a few atrophied and fragile cell bodies were detected with advanced cases. ChAT activity was far lower in the remaining large cell bodies than in control cell bodies. The activity became higher in the atrophied cell bodies with progress of patholo … More gical process. It was speculated that ChAT was produced much more in the atrophied cell bodies which supply ChAT to the many axon terminals sprouting to compensate innervation loss o fmuscle caused by cell degeneration. (2) Spinal motor neurons, a typical cholinergic neuron, contained GAD in animals and GABA was thought to be a kind of trophic factor to maintain the cell function and synaptic contact with muscle. Control numan motor neurons contain very low GAD activity. No change was observable in GAD activity of ALS motor neurons. (3) Human Purkinje cells from cerebellum had GAD activity much lower than those from rabbit and rat. Compared with animal samples, the activities were also lower in human caudate nucleus and in the molecular and granular layers from human cerebellum. These suggest that transmittersynthesyzing activity of human neuron is generally lower than that of animal neurons. (4) GABAergic amacrine cells of degenerating retinas contained markedly high levels of GAD activity and GABE concentration, compared with those in normal retina. GABA was thought to play a role as a trophic factor in response to degeneration process. Less