Feeding, development and ecology of the cattle tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, together with the life cycle of Theileria sergenti.

1.对牛长角血蜱的食性、交配和产卵进行了观察。两性种族的女性需要交配完成饱食和产卵。交配似乎最早发生在开始喂食后的第3 - 4天。两性小种的产卵量与雌虫体重呈正相关。2.卵母细胞开始发育。蛋黄沉积和蛋壳合成开始脱离的一天。在卵黄发生过程中，一个大的卵母细胞核与核隐窝成为位于靠近一侧的珠细胞，发育良好的微绒毛和活跃的胞饮作用是明显的卵母细胞质膜。成熟的卵母细胞通过发育的珠索细胞间的通道进入卵巢腔，大量精子进入卵巢腔。一个精子似乎使卵巢腔中的已排卵卵母细胞受精，因为它们不再具有上述特征的卵核。3.对蜱若虫的血粉消化进行了生化检查。总蛋白含量从脱膜日至脱膜后第9天迅速下降。中肠内容物中的蛋白质主要是血红蛋白和白蛋白，血红蛋白的含量远大于白蛋白。血红蛋白迅速下降，直到脱离后第9天，然后维持在较低水平。脱壳当天，中肠中含有大量的血红素，随着血红蛋白消化的进行，血红素含量逐渐增加，蜕皮后第1 ~ 5天开始迅速下降。4.我们的超微结构研究表明，中肠功能作为一个营养储备器官在未进食阶段，作为一个消化器官在进食阶段和蜕皮前期，并再次作为一个主要的营养库蜕皮后。

1. The feeding pattern, mating and oviposition were examined in the female cattle tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis. Females of the bisexual race needed mating to complete engorgement and oviposition. Mating seemed to occur at the earliest on the 3rd-4th day after commencement of feeding. There was a positive correlation between the total number of deposited eggs and the fed female weight in the bisexual race. 2. The oocyte began to develop with feeding. Yolk deposition and egg-shell synthesis commenced on the day of detachment. During vitellogenesis, a large oocyte nucleus with the nuclear crypt became situated near the side of the funicle cells, and well-developed microvilli and active pinocytosis were conspicuous on the oocyte plasma membrane. Mature oocytes were ovulated into the ovarian lumen through a pathway among the developed funicle cells, and many spermatozoa ascended to the ovarian lumen. A spermatozoon seemed to fertilize the ovulated oocytes in the ovarian lumen, because they had not the above characteristic egg nucleus any longer. 3. Bloodmeal digestion in the nymphal tick was biochemically examined. The quantity of total protein decreased rapidly from the detachment day to the 9th day after detachment. The major part of proteins in the midgut contents was hemoglobin and albumin, the former being much larger than the latter in quantity. Hemoglobin decreased rapidly until the 9th day after detachment, and then was maintained at a low level. A large quantity of hematin was detected in the midgut at the detachment day, its quantity more increased as hemoglobin digestion proceeded, and started to decrease rapidly from the 1st to 5th day after molting. 4. Our ultrastructural study revealed that the midgut functioned as a nutritional reserve organ during the unfed stage, served as a digestive organ at both the feeding stage and the premolting period, and acted again as a main nutritional reservoir after molting.