IMMUNO TOXICITY OF INORGANIC METAL COMPOUNDS

研究了无机金属化合物对雄性叙利亚金仓鼠的免疫毒性。第一个实验研究了金属镍（Ni）作为阳性对照，金属锰（Mn）和硒化砷（As2Se3）在雄性叙利亚金仓鼠体内的致瘤性或相互作用，这些金属化合物的总剂量分别为7.5 mg Ni、Mn或as，每周气管内注射一次，持续15周。作为对照，部分仓鼠仅用载药磷酸盐缓冲液处理。所有仓鼠在其整个生命周期中被观察。经气管内灌注处理的材料对仓鼠的累积增重无显著影响。与Ni+Mn组相比，Ni组生存率较低，且Ni组与Ni+Mn组生存率差异有统计学意义。在动物的整个生命周期中，在对照组的23只仓鼠中发现了更多的腺瘤。除对照组外，其余各组均未见呼吸道肿瘤。Ni、Ni+Mn和As_2Se_3组除肺肿瘤形成外，还可见柱状或立方状上皮增生，伴或不伴鳞状化生，肺泡间隙或肺泡隔有金属颗粒沉积，这些病变的发生率与对照组有显著差异。包括呼吸道在内的肿瘤总发病率，对照组为8.7%，Ni组为4.0%，Ni+Mn组为26.9%，As_2Se_3组为10.3%。经卡方检验，Ni组、Ni+Mn组和As_2Se_3组总肿瘤发生率均不显著高于对照组。扫描电镜显示肺泡区主要病变为各种金属颗粒沉积、肺泡内巨噬细胞积聚、肺泡壁增厚，肺泡区病变较细支气管区多见。第二项实验以雄性叙利亚金仓鼠为对照，研究了三氧化二砷（As_2O_3）、砷化镓（GaAs）、三氧化二铬（Cr_2O_3）、氧化镍（NiO）和苯并(a)芘（B(a)P）作为阳性对照的慢性毒性，包括致瘤性。GaAs颗粒可能造成较严重的肺损伤，与对照组相比，仓鼠的存活时间明显缩短。包括呼吸道在内的肿瘤总发生率，As_2o_3组为3.3%，GaAs组为3.3%，Cr_2O_3组为0%，NiO组为3.3%，B(a)P组为6.8%，对照组为3.3%，各金属或B(a)P治疗组与对照组无显著差异。从这些研究中，没有确定无机金属化合物在仓鼠呼吸道或其他器官中的致瘤性。但Mn颗粒似乎增强了Ni处理后的存活时间缩短。少

Immuno toxicity of inorganic metal compounds was studied in male Syrian golden hamsters given intermittent intratracheal instillations.In first experiment, the tumorigenicity or interaction effect of metal nickel(Ni), as a positive control, metal manganese(Mn) and arsenic selenide(As2Se3) was studied in male Syrian golden hamsters which received each metal compounds containing a total dose of 7.5 mg Ni, Mn or As by means of intratracheal instillations once a week for 15 weeks. As a controls, some hamsters were treated with only the vehicle, phosphate buffer solution. All hamsters were observed during their entire life span. The materials treated by intratracheal instillations did not significantly effect the cumulative body-weight gain of the hamsters. The lower survival rate was observed in the Ni group compared with that of the Ni+Mn group, and the difference in the survival rates between Ni and Ni+Mn group was statistically significant. During the animal's total life span, one lung … More adenoma was seen in the 23 hamsters in the control group. But no tumors were observed in the respiratory tracts in any group except the control group. Besides lung tumor formation, columnar or cuboidal epithelial hyperplasia with or without squamous metaplasia or deposition of metal particles in the alveolar space or alveolar septa were observed in the Ni, Ni+Mn and As_2Se_3 group and the incidence rates of these lesions were significantly different from that in the control group. The total tumor incidence rates including the respiratory tracts were 8.7% in the control group, 4.0% in the Ni group, 26.9% in the Ni+Mn group and 10.3% in the As_2Se_3. The incidences of total tumors in the groups given Ni, Ni+Mn and As_2Se_3 were not significantly greater than that in the control group according the chi-square test. In the scanning electron microscopic findings, the main lesions observed in the alveolar region were the deposition of each metal particles, the accumulations of macrophages in the alveoli and the thickening the alveolar walls, which lesions were more frequently observed in the alveolar region than in the bronchiolar region.In second experiment, comparative chronic toxicity, including tumorigenicity, of arsenic trioxide(As_2O_3), gallium arsenide(GaAs), chromium trioxide(Cr_2O_3), nickel oxide(NiO) and benzo(a)pyrene(B(a)P), as a positive control, were studied using male Syrian golden hamsters given intermittent intratracheal instillations. GaAs particles were likely to produce relatively severe lung damage and the survival of the hamsters was shortened significantly compared with a control group. The total tumor incidence including the respiratory tracts was 3.3 % in the As_2o_3 group, 3.3% in the GaAs group, 0% in the Cr_2O_3, 3.3% in the NiO group, 6.8 % in the B(a)P group and 3.3% in the control group, and no significant difference between the each metal or B(a)P treatedgroup and the control group was found.From these study, the tumorigenicity of inorganic metal compounds were not ascertained in the respiratory tracts or other organs of hamsters. But it seems that Mn particles enhance the shortened survival period induced by Ni treated. Less