Drug and Species Differences of the Effects of Inhalational Anesthetics on the Behavior and / or Biological Response of Animals

挥发性麻醉药在果蝇和小鼠体内的作用存在种属差异。果蝇研究的信息：控制对一种麻醉药敏感性的基因可能与控制对其他麻醉药敏感性的基因不同，从乙醚、氯仿和氟烷的研究中可以看出。耐醚突变体是辐射敏感的，但它不是普遍的。一般来说，乙醚麻醉非特异性地降低辐射的作用。此外，Na^+通道的突变体帕拉ts 2对乙醚麻醉敏感，从帕拉位点的结合推测，这种敏感性可能与通道蛋白结构的改变有关。小鼠实验信息：麻醉诱导角弓反张在13个品系小鼠中以ddN和YBR最常见，而在C57 BL和R3/IMR/Ki中很少发现。麻醉药引起的发病率最高，依次为七氟烷、异氟烷、安氟烷、甲氧氟烷和氟烷。血/气分配系数越低，发生率越高。在回避训练中，吸入麻醉促进记忆巩固和保持。角弓反张的中枢兴奋与记忆促进不是同一机制。此外，对挥发性麻醉药的敏感性存在品系差异，ddN品系翻正反射消失的艾德_（ED）较高<50>，C57 BL品系的艾德_（ED）较低<50>。两种品系反交F1代小鼠对七氟醚、安氟醚和异氟醚的耐受性居中。在氟烷里。个体艾德_<50>在同一范围内。异<50>氟醚和安氟醚对F2杂种的艾德_（ED）值变化范围较大。不同品系小鼠脑组织游离氨基酸和儿茶酚胺含量存在显著差异，但这些差异与麻醉敏感性无直接关系。

Species differences were recognized on the effects of volatile anesthetics in Drosophila melanogasters and mice.Information from Drosophila study :The Gene which controls senditivity to an agent might be different from those to other agents, from the studies on ether, choloroform and halothane. An ether tolerant mutant was radiosensitive but it is not universal. Generally, ether anesthesia nonspecifically decreases the effect of radiation. Furthermore, the mutant of Na^+ channel, para ts2, is hypersensitive to ether anesthesia and it is suspected from the binding of para locus that the hypersensitivity links to any change of channel protein structure.Information from mouse study :Anesthetic induced opisthotonus was highly frequently found in ddN and YBR, and seldom found in C57BL and R3/IMR/Ki among 13 strains of mouse. The height of incidence due to anesthetics is in order of sevoflurane, isoflurane, enflurane, methoxyflurane and halothane. And the high incidence is also proportionate to the low value of blood/gas partition coefficient. In avoidance training, memory consolidation and retention are promoted by inhalation anesthesia. Central nervous system excitation of opisthotonus and memory promoting are not attributable to the same mechanism. Furthermore, strain-difference of sensitivity to volatile anesthetics was found. ddN strain showed higher ED_<50> of loss of righting reflex, C57BL showed lower ED_<50>. And F1 hybrid mice by reciprocal crossing between the two strains showed intermediate value in sevoflurane, enflurane and isoflurane. In halothane. individual ED_<50> was in the same range of value. The values of ED_<50> of F2 hybrid in Isoflurane and enflurane were in wide range. Free amino acids and catecholamines of mouse brain showed significant differences among strains, but these differences were not directly related to the sensitivity of anesthesia.