The Physiology of the Cavity Organs in Otorhinolaryngology

耳鼻咽喉科的器官是腔器官，其内表面衬有一层粘膜。这些空腔器官是充满气体张力的特殊部件。因此，在这样的结构中，当它暴露在高低压环境中时，这种气体成分也往往会在环境压力的影响下发生变化。在这种压力调节中，由于腔器官本身没有泵送功能，因此由于应用了波义耳定律，使压力与环境压力达到平衡。这意味着，由于治疗，大气总是进出腔体器官。然而，已经提供了在腔内进行特殊的粘液呼吸和在每个腔中存在特殊的气体张力。总之，中耳腔粘膜的呼吸是非常重要的。这种呼吸一直在腔内产生气体。这是生理学…当气体张力的分压高于大气压时，L更多的作用是通过耳道释放中耳腔外侧的气体张力。此功能用于在鼓室侧始终提供1atA的气体层，以便鼓膜可以有效地振动，对声音的振动做出响应。换句话说，这种生理功能否定了课本上所描述的从耳道向中耳腔补充气体的解释。这种生理功能可以用以下事实来解释：中耳腔内的氧分压约为大气的1/3(约50 mm Hg)，乳突细胞的体积是鼓室的20倍，粘膜的表面积约为40 cm^2。此外，当研究粘膜结构时，这种事实是粘膜下的毛细血管只通过一个细胞膜接触气体。这一事实表明，中耳腔中存在气体代谢，尽管它不是一种像肺部那样完全交换气体的呼吸功能。此外，当人处于侧卧位置时，观察到上侧和下侧听管之间的听管打开的程度不同。此时，下侧中时代腔的内压显示出比上侧更高的值，具有显著性。这是一种现象，在这种现象中，下侧耳道的打开和关闭功能并不总是在每次吞咽运动时打开。这一现象意味着，听管根据中耳腔生理环境的变化，有机地调整打开和关闭功能。这一现象表现为耳道上、下侧的差异，否定了以往认为中耳腔的通风是耳道的防御机制的观点。这是因为生理内环境、中耳腔解剖相对位置等方面的变化影响了耳道的功能。也就是说，耳道的功能与中耳腔的通风之间形成了完全自然依赖的有机联系。如上所述，证实了大气压下中耳腔粘膜呼吸功能在中耳腔通风生理中起着重要作用。较少

The organs of the Otorhinolaryngology are cavity organs, and their internal surfaces are lined with a layer of the mucous membrane. The these cavity organs is filled gas tension of the peculiar components. Hence, in such a structure, when it is exposed to the environment of hyper and hypo baric pressure, this gas component also tends to change, affected by the environmental pressure. In such pressure adjustment, since a cavity organ itself has no pumping function, the pressure is brought in equilibrium with the environmental pressure as the results of the application of Boyle's low. This signifies that the atmosphere always comes in and out of cavity organs due to treathing. It has been provided, however, that peculiar mucous respiration is made in cavity and peculiar gas tension exist in each cavities. Adove all, the respiration by the mucous membrane of the middle ear cavity is significantly important. This respiration all the time yields gas in a cavity. And this is the physiologica … More l function to release gas tension on the outside of a middle ear cavity through the auditory tubes, when the partial pressure of gas tension becomes higher than the atmospheric pressure. This function serves to provide the gas layer of 1 ATA all the time at the tympanic side so that a tympanic membrane may efficiently vibration, responding to the vibration of a sound. In other words, this physiological function denies the explanation formerly described in a text book, that gas is supplemented from an auditory tube to the middle ear cavity.This physiological function can be explained by the fact that the oxygen tension pressure in the middle ear cavity is about 1/3 (approximately 50mm Hg) of the atmosphere, and that mastoid cells have a volume 20 time as longe as a tympanic cavity and the surface area of the mucous membrane is about 40 cm^2. Furthermore, when the mucous membrane structure is studied, such a fact is learned as a submucous capillary contacts gas through only one cell membrane. This fact suggests the existence of gas metabolism in an middle ear cavity, although it is not a respiratory function which completely exchanges gases as in a lung. In addition, when a person lies in a lateral position, a difference is observed in the extent of opening of an auditory tube between the upper and down side auditory tube. At this time, the internal pressure in the under side middle era cavity indicates a higher value with a significance than the upper side. This is a phenomenon in which the opening and closing function of the under side auditory tube becomes not always to open at every swallowing movement. This phenomenon implies that an auditory tube organically adjusts the opening and closing function corresponding to the change in the physiological environment of an middle ear cavity. This phenomenon, showing the appearance of the difference in the upper and under side of an auditory tube, denies the former view that the ventilation in the middle ear cavity is defense mechanism of the auditory tube. The reason is because of the fact that the changes in the physiological internal environment, in the anatomical relative position, etc. of the middle ear cavity affect the function of an auditory tube. In other words, the organic relation of complete natural dependence is formed between the function of an auditory tube and the ventilation in the middle ear cavity. As stated above, it has been corroborated that the mucous membrane respirating function in the middle ear cavity plays an important role in the physiology of the ventilation in the middle ear cavity under the atmospheric pressure. Less