Study of New Phases in High Density Strange Matter

在这个项目中，我们从不同的角度研究了具有大奇异度的新相，并得到了如下的主要结果。奇异夸克物质（SQM）的饱和性质：为了澄清E.维滕关于SQM可能是真正强子基态的猜想的真实性，利用QCD激发的两个有效模型（组分夸克模型和袋模型）进行了研究。统一处理有限系统和无限系统的结果表明，在s-闭壳层（A>6）之外，每个重子的能量E/A都增加了。这意味着绝对稳定的SQM的存在是不可能的，只要在这样的有效理论中建立的基本参数不随A.2的增加而发生实质性变化。K介子凝聚：用手征对称性方法研究了该相的形成机理。我们已经证明了随着K^-凝聚的增长，质子混合的显著增加，以及对于具有合理密度依赖性的对称能量，可能发生直接URCA过程，以及由此导致的中子星的快速冷却.奇异性和非奇异性强子凝聚相对超新星物质和中子星星物质的影响：研究了中子星诞生后超新星物质凝聚相的性质以及热力学和动力学演化。我们已经明确了介子凝聚和对称能与中子星从诞生到充分冷却的整个过程密切相关.奇异系统中的核力：在夸克-集团模型中，考虑味SU（3）对称性破缺，重子结构和超子-核子相互作用的研究取得了进展。这为研究H粒子间的相互作用提供了基础，而H粒子间的相互作用是研究H物质（部分解除禁闭的奇异物质）所不可缺少的。

In this project, new phases with large strangeness have been studied from various viewpoints, and we have obtained the main results as descibed below.1. Saturation property of strange quark matter (abbreviated to SQM) : In order to clarify the reality of E.Witten's conjecture on the possibility that SQM is the true hadronic ground state, studies with use of two QCD-motivated effective models (constituent quark model and bag model) have been done. The results by treating both finite and infinite systems unifiedly have shown the increase of energy per baryon E/A beyond the s-closed shell(A>6). This means that the existence of absolutely stable SQM is unlikely as far as the fundamental parameters built in such effective theories do not change substantially with incease of A.2. Kaon condensation : Realization mechanism of this phase has been studied in chiral symmetry approach. We have shown the remarkable increase of proton mixing with growth of K^- condensation and the possible occurrence of the direct URCA process for the symmetry energy with reasonable density dependence, and the resulting rapid cooling of neutron stars due to this process.3. Effects of hadoronic condensed phases with and without strangeness to supernovae matter and neutron star matter : Properties of condensed phases in supernovae matter just after birth of neutron stars and thermal and dynamical evolution have been studied. We have made clear that meson condensates and symmetry energy are strongly relevant to the whole processes from the birth to the well-cooled stage of neutron stars.4. Nuclear force in the systems with strangeness : Study of baryon structure and hyperon-nucleon interaction has progressed in the quark-cluster model by taking account of the breaking of the flavor SU(3) symmetry. This provides a base to study the interaction between H-particles which is indispensable for study of H-matter(strange matter with partial deconfinement).