Studies on the Merovingian fiscal documents from the Abbey of Saint-Martin at Tours.

图尔斯圣马丁修道院的所谓会计文件在20世纪60年代重新被发现时，引起了一种轰动，此前很长一段时间，人们对它们作为历史来源的价值一无所知，也被忽视了。我已经并一直在进行调查，试图从整体上理解这些文件。首先，我在巴黎的BN中探索了这份文件的实质性内容，并证实它们在被用作征税工具时没有经过整理，因此它们不是像《末日审判书》或加洛林时代的多体字那样的登记簿，而只是一份实用的文件。我认为有一本现在已经丢失的登记簿，它提供了一系列信息，使僧侣们能够编辑这些实用文件。其次，我试图在地形图上找到一些地名，并找出那些没有在加洛林王室宪章、其他类型的ACTS和18世纪…制作的卡西尼地图上找到的地名更多的麻烦。通过这样做，我不仅了解了修道院拥有的庄园的分布，而且了解了梅罗文吉时代末期卢瓦尔河谷中部的农村聚落和人口状况。在对文件中与财政管理有关的技术术语进行了解释之后，第三，我评估了农业生产的水平，即每个因修道院而被征收土地税的农民的玉米产量水平。我相信，更好的做法是将现代干材料计量学莫迪乌斯的价值固定下来，因为它比B.Guerard一个半世纪前确定的价值大三倍。借助于一个营养系数，我计算了一个假设的农户家庭平均规模，在税收提取后，玉米产量以及明年播种的储备可以维持。答案是大约四个人。因此，我们必须考虑到，依附于修道院的农民在很大程度上已经形成了一个有父母和两个孩子的核心家庭。通过对农民姓名的人类学分析，证实了这一点。最后，我对圣马丁私有地区臭名昭著的三场制问题提出了质疑。每一个农民生产多种玉米的联合模式和玉米产量使我们得出结论，三田制是刚刚兴起或正在兴起的，首先起源于图拉内及其邻近地区的农民中间阶层。较少

The so-called Accounting documents from Saint-Martin Abbey at Tours provoked a kind of sensation, when they have been re-discovered in 1960s, after a long space of time of ignorance and neglect of their values as historical sources. I have proceed and always is proceeding my investigations trying to understand the documents as a whole. Firstly, I explored material aspects of this document in BN in Paris, and confirmed that they haven't been collated when they were used as instrument for tax-collecting, so they weren't the register book like a Domesday Book or Carolingian Polyptychs, but merely a practical document. I think that there has been a registration book'now lost, which gave a series of information that enabled the monks to redact those practical documents. Secondly, I tried to locate a number of place-names on the topographical map as well as to identify those that haven't been located with Carolingian royal charters, the other sort of acts and Cassini's Map made in 18th centu … More ry. By doing so, I realized not only the distribution of manors possessed by the Abbey, but also the state of rural settlement and population at the end of Merovingian era in the mid-Loire valley. After having done a work of interpretation for the technical terms concerning fiscal administration in the document, thirdly, I evaluated the levels of agricultural productions, namely of corn productions of each peasant who has been charged to pay the land-tax due to the Abbey.I have been persuaded that its better that we fix the value of modius, a meterology of contemporary dry-materials, as it were three times larger than that fixed by B.Guerard more than one and a half century before. With the help of a dietetics coefficient, I calculated a hypothetic average size of peasant family that the corn production, after the extraction by the tax as well as the reserve for seeding next year, could maintain. The answer was about four persons. So we must consider that the peasantry dependent on the Abbey has formed in the most part a nuclear family with a parent and two children. This was confirmed by the anthroponymical analyze of names that bore the peasants. Finally, I challenged the problem of notorious three-fields system in the demesne of Saint-Martin. The mode of association of plural corns that produced each peasant and the quantities of corn productions enabled us to conclude the three-fields system has been just in arisen or is arising, and originated first of all from the medium stratum of the peasantry, in the Touraine and its neighboring region. Less