色素胞運動におけるシグナル変換機構

我们发现，周围黑暗的区域产生的神经切断在夜间苍白。这种现象是由于松果体分泌的褪黑激素增加。电镜观察表明，蓝绿色条纹的能动虹膜细胞通过一种类似于“威尼斯盲”的运动机制，而动力蛋白-微管蛋白系统主要与细胞的运动有关。通过渗透色素细胞，胆碱积极分散黑素体。普通的鱼显示纵向的深色条纹，而它在夜间显示一些斑点。我们发现条纹外但斑点内的区域在夜间变暗，并得出结论，那里的黑色素体分散也可能是由于褪黑激素，但涉及介导色素分散的新受体。所涉及的受体可以被指定为β-褪黑激素受体。阿托品被证明可以渗透黑色素细胞以诱导色素。形态学的颜色变化，由于长期的背景适应被认为是深相关的存在的色神经。在鲇形目之外，毒蕈碱胆碱受体首先被发现存在于两种鲤科鱼类的黑色素细胞中。红腹脂鲤的皮肤呈现昼夜变化的颜色，在夜间变得苍白。褪黑激素水平的增加可引起色素在红细胞中的聚集。内皮素-1在许多鱼类中强烈聚集黑素体。罗非鱼催乳素能使色素在罗非鱼黄色素细胞中分散。因此，它可能是一种黄变激素。

We found that peripheral darkened area generated by nerve cutting paled during the night. The phenomenon was due to the increased secretion from the pineal of melatonin. Electron microscope observations revealed that motile iridophores of the blue-green stripe of neon tetras show their motility through a mechanism resembling the "Venetian blind", and that dynein-tubulin system is mainly concerned with the cellular motility. By penetrating the chromatophores, choline actively dispersed melanosomes. Common pencilfish displays a longitudinal dark stripe, while it shows a few spots at night. We found that the area outside the stripe but within the spots darkened at night, and concluded that the melanosome dispersion there may also be due to melatonin, but novel receptors that mediate pigment dispersion are involved. The receptors concerned may be designated as beta-melatonin receptors. Atropine was shown to penetrate the melanophores to induce pigment. Morphological color changes due to prolonged background adaptation were found to be deeply related to the presence of chromatic nerves. Outside the order Siluriformes, muscarinic cholinoceptors were first found to present in the melanophores of two ciprinid species. Red abdominal skin of tetra fish exhibits circadian color changes, becoming pale during the night. Increased levels of melatonin may cause aggregation of pigment in erythrophores. Endothelin-1 strongly aggregated melanosomes in many species of fish. Prolactins from tilapia produced dispersion of pigment in xanthophores of tilapia. It may therfore suggested that it acts as yellowing hormon.